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Yeah , yeah . 

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Mhm . 

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Yeah . 

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Okay . 

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Hello , and welcome to this edition of 

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Atlantic Council Front page for hashtag 

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a See Front page , our premier live 

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Ideas forum for Global Leaders . Today 

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we have the honor of hosting US 

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Secretary of Defense Mark T . Esper for 

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a discussion about the role allies and 

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partners play . And you and U . S . 

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National security . A question that has 

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been the Atlantic Council's work since 

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its founding in 1961 . Secretary 

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Esper , we know how busy you are on the 

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challenges you confront every day 

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across the across the world . And 

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indeed , next week you will leave on 

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another trip , uh , to attend two plus 

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two meetings with Secretary Pompeo in 

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India . So thanks . Thank you so much . 

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Uh , for taking the time to join us 

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Secretary Expert serves as the 27th US 

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Secretary of Defense , having been 

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confirmed by the United States Senate 

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in July of 2019 with a vote of 

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92 8 . Prior to 

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assuming his current position , he was 

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the 23rd US Secretary of the Army from 

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2017 to 2019 . 

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Secretary experts spent 10 years on 

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active duty in the Army serving as an 

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infantry officer with the 101st 

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Airborne , also known as the Screaming 

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Eagles , and he served with them during 

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Desert Storm in the Gulf War , where he 

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was awarded the Bronze Star . Various 

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other metals . He's a graduate and 

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engineering from West Point , where he 

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received the Douglas MacArthur Award 

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for leadership . He has a master's 

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degree from the Kennedy School , 

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Harvard , on a doctorate in public 

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policy from George Washington 

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University . He 

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also had a number of 

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increasingly responsible positions in 

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the Senate answer and served as deputy 

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assistant secretary of defense at the 

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Pentagon as well . S . So that's just a 

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remarkable track record of public 

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service . Thats session is being hosted 

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by Our Scowcroft Center for Strategy 

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and Security , directed by a former 

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Pentagon official himself from the 

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White House official Barry Pavel . The 

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center honors the legacy of General 

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Brent Scowcroft , three only man to 

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have been appointed by two presidents 

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to serve twice as national security 

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adviser . He passed away this August at 

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the age of 95 for the United States , 

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for the world and for us , For all of 

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us at the Atlantic Council , it was 

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still too early it's it's fitting 

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Secretary Esper , that today we will be 

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talking about the significance of 

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allies in our new era of great power 

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competition . Because nothing animated 

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General Scowcroft more in his support 

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of the Atlantic Council than Allied 

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relations , except perhaps , the 

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mentoring of future generations . The 

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Scowcroft Center just last week 

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published 20 Bold Ideas . Old Old Ideas 

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for NATO in 2020 a compendium of 

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20 innovative ideas ranging from a 

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focus on the Arctic toe . How NATO 

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might partner with allies in the End of 

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Pacific to questions of expanding 

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membership . Scowcroft Center also 

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recently published a foundational quote 

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primer on hypersonic weapons in the 

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Indo Pacific . Reason Unquote , which 

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considers the potential contributions 

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of existing U . S . Allies like Japan 

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and Australia , along with additional 

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potential partners like Singapore in 

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India in this growing category of 

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strategic weapons . And I know there's 

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been much thought and action in the 

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Pentagon regarding all of this . So , 

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Mr Secretary , as thes works 

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demonstrate , reinvigorating U . S 

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alliances and exploring new 

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partnerships is core to the national 

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security work that we've always done 

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here and mawr now than ever . We're 

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delighted our work has been in 

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alignment with the 2018 National 

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Defense Strategy , which calls for 

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working even more closely with allies 

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and partners to secure our common 

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future . Secretary Esper . We are eager 

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to hear your insights and analysis in 

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this key dimension of U . S . National 

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security on how you and the Department 

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of Defense are tackling cooperation 

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efforts . We're on the record . We are 

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streaming on multiple platforms around 

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the world . If any in our global 

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audience would like to tweet , please 

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do so using a sea front page hashtag a 

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see front page , Mr Secretary , the 

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floor is yours for opening comments 

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which will follow with a set of 

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questions . Thank you . Well , good 

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afternoon and thank you , Fred , for 

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that kind introduction Its's great to 

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see you again And thank you also for 

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that quick remembrance of General Brent 

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Scowcroft . He was a great man , 

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outstanding leader , and he is miss by 

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all . He taught us all a great deal . 

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So thank you for that , too . It's a 

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pleasure to be here with all of you and 

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I want to thank the Atlantic Council . 

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We're hosting today's discussion . For 

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decades , your expertise has been vital 

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to strengthening transatlantic ties and 

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will be even more critical in the years 

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ahead as we face an increasingly 

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complex security environment . Since my 

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confirmation as secretary defense well 

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over a year ago , my number one 

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priority has been implementing the 

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national defense strategy . The NDS 

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tells us that we're now in an era of 

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great power competition , with our 

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primary competitors being China and 

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Russia . At the same time , we face 

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ongoing threats from rogue states such 

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as North Korea and Iran . And finally , 

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regrettably , we'll be dealing with 

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violent extremist organizations for 

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years to come . As we prepare the 

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department for these challenges , the 

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NDS guides us along three lines of 

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effort . First , improving the 

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authority and the readiness of the 

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force . Second , strengthening 

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alliances and building partnerships and 

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third , reforming the department to 

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redirect our time , money and manpower 

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tow our highest priorities . I also 

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added 1/4 personal priority , taking 

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care of our service members and their 

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families to drive lasting change across 

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an enterprise as large and complex as a 

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Defense Department . We distilled these 

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three lines of effort into tend 

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targeted goals . These include tasks 

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ranging from focusing the department on 

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China , updating our key war plans and 

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modernizing the force by investing in 

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game changing technologies to reforming 

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the fourth estate , achieving a higher 

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level of readiness and implementing 

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enhanced operational concepts such as 

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dynamic force employment . It also 

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includes establishing realistic joint 

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war games , exercises and training 

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plans , and developing a modern joint 

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warfighting concept that will 

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ultimately become doctrine . I'm proud 

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to report that we made solid gains 

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across the boards in recent weeks . 

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I've detailed our progress in improving 

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readiness across all three services and 

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building a more lethal force , namely a 

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future navy of more than 500 manned and 

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unmanned ships called Battle Force 2045 . 

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Today , I'd like to focus on another 

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top 10 goal , developing a coordinated 

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strategic approach to strengthen 

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alliances and build partnerships forged 

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through the fires of combat and shared 

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sacrifice . America's network of allies 

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and partners provides us an asymmetric 

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advantage our adversaries cannot match 

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rooted deep in our common values and 

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interests . Many of these relationships 

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have weathered the storms of history 

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and remain the backbone of the 

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international rules based order . Most 

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people are familiar with the critical 

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role that America's oldest ally , 

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France , played in our nation's 

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founding . But lesser known is the fact 

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that 1800 nights and volunteers from 

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Malta enlisted in the French Navy 28 

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Americans in the cause for freedom . 

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Together , they played a decisive role 

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in the battle , the Chesapeake , 

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cutting off maritime support , the 

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British forces at Yorktown and 

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ultimately forcing their surrender . 

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Only a few decades later , Malta 

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stepped up again , providing a Keyport 

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for American ships in the fight against 

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the Barbary pirates . And in the 20th 

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century , the United States answered 

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the call . After Axis Powers waged a 

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relentless bombing campaign against 

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Malta during World War Two , the 

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resupply operations outlined nations 

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broke the Axis siege , rescuing the 

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people Malta and establishing a 

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launchpad for victory in North Africa . 

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Today , our two nations remained 

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steadfast partners , and several weeks 

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ago I visited Malta to see our 

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cooperation in action at the crossroads 

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of the Mediterranean and to discuss the 

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challenges we jointly face in North 

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Africa . Examples like these illustrate 

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the importance of aligning with like 

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minded nations large and small , to 

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maintain the free and open order that 

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has served us also very well for 

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decades . Today , our global 

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constellation of allies and partners 

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remain an enduring strength that our 

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competitors and adversaries simply 

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cannot match . In fact , China and 

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Russia probably have fewer than 10 

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allies combined . However , our ability 

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to maintain this advantage is not 

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preordained . Nor can we take our 

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longstanding network of relationships 

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for granted . One hand . Our primary 

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competitors , China and Russia , are 

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rapidly modernizing their armed forces 

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and using their growing strength to 

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ignore international law , violate the 

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sovereignty of smaller states and shift 

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the balance of power in their favor . 

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China's military militarization of land 

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features in the South China Sea and 

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Russia's attempted annexation of Crimea 

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and incursion into eastern Ukraine 

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demonstrate their brazen attempts to 

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chip away at the autonomy of others and 

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undermine the resilience and cohesion 

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of countries and institutions critical 

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to US security , including NATO . On 

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the other hand , Beijing and Moscow are 

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also using broader yet more subtle 

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means to exert economic leverage over 

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such nations and institutions and 

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coerce them into sub optimal security 

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decisions . Through its one belt , one 

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road initiative , Darcy is expanding 

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its financial ties across Asia , Europe , 

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Africa and the Americas with the 

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alternative ulterior motive of gaining 

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strategic influence . Access to key 

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resource is and military footholds 

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around the world . In fact , the 

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smaller the nation and the greater its 

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needs . Heavier pressure from Beijing , 

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for example , belt and road investments 

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have created unhealthy economic 

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dependencies in Burma . They have 

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pushed Laos into an unsustainable debt 

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burden in Cambodia . China has received 

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generous land entitlements to construct 

279
00:12:02,952 --> 00:12:04,786
ports , airfields and associated 

280
00:12:04,786 --> 00:12:06,897
infrastructure that could be used for 

281
00:12:06,897 --> 00:12:09,030
military purposes to extend Beijing 

282
00:12:09,030 --> 00:12:12,460
strategic reach . Helping other nations 

283
00:12:12,460 --> 00:12:14,627
resist aggressive military posturing , 

284
00:12:14,627 --> 00:12:16,738
Financial entrapments and other forms 

285
00:12:16,738 --> 00:12:18,793
of coercion will require us to break 

286
00:12:18,793 --> 00:12:21,330
from business as usual , it requires to 

287
00:12:21,330 --> 00:12:23,274
align the department's efforts and 

288
00:12:23,274 --> 00:12:25,219
resource is for maximum impact and 

289
00:12:25,219 --> 00:12:27,330
influence . And it will require us to 

290
00:12:27,330 --> 00:12:29,386
think and act more strategically and 

291
00:12:29,386 --> 00:12:31,386
competitively . Today , I'd like to 

292
00:12:31,386 --> 00:12:33,497
share with you two recent initiatives 

293
00:12:33,497 --> 00:12:35,860
that will help us do just that , the 

294
00:12:35,860 --> 00:12:38,082
first being the brand new Department of 

295
00:12:38,082 --> 00:12:40,082
Defense guidance for development of 

296
00:12:40,082 --> 00:12:42,304
alliances and partnerships . We call it 

297
00:12:42,304 --> 00:12:44,138
the Jet app and the second being 

298
00:12:44,138 --> 00:12:47,000
defense trade modernization . Together , 

299
00:12:47,000 --> 00:12:49,056
these efforts will help us build the 

300
00:12:49,056 --> 00:12:51,000
capacity and capabilities off like 

301
00:12:51,000 --> 00:12:52,444
minded nations and foster 

302
00:12:52,444 --> 00:12:54,167
interoperability with friendly 

303
00:12:54,167 --> 00:12:56,278
militaries while promoting a stronger 

304
00:12:56,278 --> 00:12:58,167
domestic industrial base that can 

305
00:12:58,167 --> 00:13:00,167
compete in the global marketplace . 

306
00:13:00,440 --> 00:13:02,610
First to meet the demands of 21st 

307
00:13:02,610 --> 00:13:04,610
century great power competition . I 

308
00:13:04,610 --> 00:13:06,499
directed the Pentagon's Office of 

309
00:13:06,499 --> 00:13:08,721
Policy to develop a first of its kind , 

310
00:13:08,721 --> 00:13:10,721
comprehensive strategic approach to 

311
00:13:10,721 --> 00:13:12,610
strengthen alliances and building 

312
00:13:12,610 --> 00:13:14,832
partnerships . And earlier this month , 

313
00:13:14,832 --> 00:13:16,999
I'm proud to report that we officially 

314
00:13:16,999 --> 00:13:19,166
set this into motion when I signed out 

315
00:13:19,166 --> 00:13:21,277
the G DAP , which will drive this new 

316
00:13:21,277 --> 00:13:23,443
strategy for how we engage with allies 

317
00:13:23,443 --> 00:13:25,610
and partners around the globe . In the 

318
00:13:25,610 --> 00:13:25,490
past , our international engagements 

319
00:13:25,490 --> 00:13:27,657
were guided by regional properties and 

320
00:13:27,657 --> 00:13:29,823
interests , but we're now in an era of 

321
00:13:29,823 --> 00:13:31,990
great power competition that is global 

322
00:13:31,990 --> 00:13:33,990
in nature . This reality requires a 

323
00:13:33,990 --> 00:13:35,990
common set of priorities across the 

324
00:13:35,990 --> 00:13:38,046
Office of the Secretary defense that 

325
00:13:38,046 --> 00:13:40,212
Joint staff Services and the combatant 

326
00:13:40,212 --> 00:13:41,823
commands that will drive our 

327
00:13:41,823 --> 00:13:43,490
interactions with our foreign 

328
00:13:43,490 --> 00:13:45,101
counterparts and improve our 

329
00:13:45,101 --> 00:13:47,323
effectiveness . More specifically , the 

330
00:13:47,323 --> 00:13:49,323
Jet apple enable us to prioritize a 

331
00:13:49,323 --> 00:13:51,212
line and synchronize our security 

332
00:13:51,212 --> 00:13:53,379
cooperation activities across Title 10 

333
00:13:53,379 --> 00:13:55,601
Authorities to build partner capacity . 

334
00:13:55,601 --> 00:13:57,546
Better articulate the department's 

335
00:13:57,546 --> 00:13:59,657
needs for priority . Ally and partner 

336
00:13:59,657 --> 00:14:01,823
warfighting rolls through future force 

337
00:14:01,823 --> 00:14:03,879
planning , focus our efforts to help 

338
00:14:03,879 --> 00:14:05,990
them shape their militaries into more 

339
00:14:05,990 --> 00:14:08,046
capable forces and measure and track 

340
00:14:08,046 --> 00:14:10,046
our progress across a wide range of 

341
00:14:10,046 --> 00:14:11,768
tools available to the Defense 

342
00:14:11,768 --> 00:14:11,370
Department 

343
00:14:30,040 --> 00:14:32,207
key leader engagements were developing 

344
00:14:32,207 --> 00:14:34,540
detailed ways to prioritize engagements , 

345
00:14:34,540 --> 00:14:36,596
establish a common set of objectives 

346
00:14:36,596 --> 00:14:38,818
and chart our progress for each country 

347
00:14:38,840 --> 00:14:40,896
in any given week . Scores of senior 

348
00:14:40,896 --> 00:14:43,062
leaders from across the department are 

349
00:14:43,062 --> 00:14:45,284
engaging with their counterparts around 

350
00:14:45,284 --> 00:14:47,507
the world . Over the past year , I have 

351
00:14:47,507 --> 00:14:49,673
personally conducted over 200 meetings 

352
00:14:49,673 --> 00:14:51,618
with foreign partners from over 60 

353
00:14:51,618 --> 00:14:53,618
countries across the globe . In the 

354
00:14:53,618 --> 00:14:55,729
last month alone , I traveled the six 

355
00:14:55,729 --> 00:14:57,618
countries in North Africa and the 

356
00:14:57,618 --> 00:14:57,580
Middle East , met with defense 

357
00:14:57,580 --> 00:14:59,490
ministers of eight countries from 

358
00:14:59,490 --> 00:15:01,760
Europe and Asia and conducted calls 

359
00:15:01,760 --> 00:15:03,593
with another six is well as NATO 

360
00:15:03,593 --> 00:15:05,371
Secretary General Stoltenberg . 

361
00:15:06,320 --> 00:15:08,487
Previously , we did not have a central 

362
00:15:08,487 --> 00:15:10,598
repository for tracking senior leader 

363
00:15:10,598 --> 00:15:12,820
engagements across the enterprise , let 

364
00:15:12,820 --> 00:15:15,042
alone directing them and then measuring 

365
00:15:15,042 --> 00:15:14,970
progress against our collective goals . 

366
00:15:15,740 --> 00:15:17,629
It is very difficult to improve a 

367
00:15:17,629 --> 00:15:19,980
process , let alone a relationship if 

368
00:15:19,980 --> 00:15:21,980
you don't have a goal and you don't 

369
00:15:21,980 --> 00:15:23,758
measure it , nor can you make a 

370
00:15:23,758 --> 00:15:25,813
resource like Keely engagements more 

371
00:15:25,813 --> 00:15:27,980
effective and strategic competition if 

372
00:15:27,980 --> 00:15:30,036
you don't monitor and assess it . So 

373
00:15:30,036 --> 00:15:32,202
we're not tracking and analyzing these 

374
00:15:32,202 --> 00:15:34,202
engagements across the enterprise . 

375
00:15:34,202 --> 00:15:36,036
This to also give senior leaders 

376
00:15:36,036 --> 00:15:38,147
enhanced awareness on areas to engage 

377
00:15:38,147 --> 00:15:40,036
and advocate for participation in 

378
00:15:40,036 --> 00:15:41,980
exercises for key foreign military 

379
00:15:41,980 --> 00:15:44,202
sales and for other means to help build 

380
00:15:44,202 --> 00:15:46,202
capability and capacity of ally and 

381
00:15:46,202 --> 00:15:48,313
partner militaries . Here's how we're 

382
00:15:48,313 --> 00:15:50,536
putting this into action in preparation 

383
00:15:50,536 --> 00:15:52,202
for the upcoming NATO defense 

384
00:15:52,202 --> 00:15:54,424
ministerial , I recently held bilateral 

385
00:15:54,424 --> 00:15:56,480
meetings with our allies Romania and 

386
00:15:56,480 --> 00:15:58,647
Bulgaria to further expand our defense 

387
00:15:58,647 --> 00:16:00,869
cooperation to discuss ways to optimize 

388
00:16:00,869 --> 00:16:03,036
our force posture on the continent and 

389
00:16:03,036 --> 00:16:05,258
enhance the deterrence of Russia in the 

390
00:16:05,258 --> 00:16:07,147
Black Sea region . These types of 

391
00:16:07,147 --> 00:16:09,369
targeted key leader engagements will be 

392
00:16:09,369 --> 00:16:11,424
essential as we implement the reform 

393
00:16:11,424 --> 00:16:13,258
plan we announced this summer to 

394
00:16:13,258 --> 00:16:15,202
reposition our forces in Europe to 

395
00:16:15,202 --> 00:16:16,869
better align with great power 

396
00:16:16,869 --> 00:16:18,924
competition in consultation with our 

397
00:16:18,924 --> 00:16:21,147
allies , we will continue to refine and 

398
00:16:21,147 --> 00:16:23,369
enhance our moves in line with our five 

399
00:16:23,430 --> 00:16:26,730
key principles . Number one Enhanced 

400
00:16:26,730 --> 00:16:28,830
deterrence of Russia number to 

401
00:16:29,100 --> 00:16:32,130
strengthen NATO number three reassure 

402
00:16:32,130 --> 00:16:35,460
allies number four improve US strategic 

403
00:16:35,460 --> 00:16:37,330
flexibility and European command 

404
00:16:37,340 --> 00:16:39,980
operational flexibility and number five 

405
00:16:40,300 --> 00:16:42,356
take care of our service members and 

406
00:16:42,356 --> 00:16:45,790
their families in the process . Indeed , 

407
00:16:45,800 --> 00:16:47,856
since that announcement , as well as 

408
00:16:47,856 --> 00:16:50,022
the signing of the Defense cooperation 

409
00:16:50,022 --> 00:16:51,911
agreement with Poland , my recent 

410
00:16:51,911 --> 00:16:53,967
meetings with defense ministers from 

411
00:16:53,967 --> 00:16:56,189
Romania and Bulgaria and correspondence 

412
00:16:56,189 --> 00:16:58,356
received from Baltic states . There is 

413
00:16:58,356 --> 00:17:00,578
now the rial opportunity of keeping the 

414
00:17:00,578 --> 00:17:02,800
second Cavalry regiment forward in some 

415
00:17:02,800 --> 00:17:04,967
of these countries on enduring basis . 

416
00:17:05,240 --> 00:17:07,296
Moreover , when I address the entire 

417
00:17:07,296 --> 00:17:09,184
alliance later this week , I will 

418
00:17:09,184 --> 00:17:10,907
continue to push for improving 

419
00:17:10,907 --> 00:17:13,018
readiness , increasing burden sharing 

420
00:17:13,020 --> 00:17:14,964
and solving common challenges . In 

421
00:17:14,964 --> 00:17:16,576
light of my recent bilateral 

422
00:17:16,576 --> 00:17:18,510
discussions , we have made solid 

423
00:17:18,510 --> 00:17:20,740
progress in several areas these past 

424
00:17:20,740 --> 00:17:23,410
few years when it comes to burden 

425
00:17:23,410 --> 00:17:25,990
sharing . For example , from 2016 to 

426
00:17:25,990 --> 00:17:27,934
now , our NATO allies have added a 

427
00:17:27,934 --> 00:17:30,700
total of $130 billion to defense 

428
00:17:30,700 --> 00:17:32,756
spending thanks to the United States 

429
00:17:32,756 --> 00:17:34,940
leadership . Even better , we expect 

430
00:17:34,940 --> 00:17:38,470
that figure to top $400 billion by 2024 . 

431
00:17:39,540 --> 00:17:41,707
As of June 9 , allies were meeting the 

432
00:17:41,707 --> 00:17:43,950
2% of GDP defense spending commitment 

433
00:17:44,600 --> 00:17:47,900
that is up from five in 2016 . And 

434
00:17:47,900 --> 00:17:50,011
while we recognize the challenges and 

435
00:17:50,011 --> 00:17:52,122
costs posed by the cove , it pandemic 

436
00:17:52,122 --> 00:17:54,344
are threats today have not diminished . 

437
00:17:54,440 --> 00:17:56,051
Rather , they have only been 

438
00:17:56,051 --> 00:17:58,273
exacerbated as nations turned inward to 

439
00:17:58,273 --> 00:18:00,273
recover and our competitors seek to 

440
00:18:00,273 --> 00:18:02,496
exploit the global crisis . That is why 

441
00:18:02,496 --> 00:18:04,440
we urge all member states upholder 

442
00:18:04,440 --> 00:18:06,551
commitments and contribute mawr . Tow 

443
00:18:06,551 --> 00:18:08,551
our collective security . This goes 

444
00:18:08,551 --> 00:18:10,870
beyond NATO as well . We expect all 

445
00:18:10,870 --> 00:18:12,870
allies to invest more in defense at 

446
00:18:12,870 --> 00:18:16,260
least 2% of GDP as the floor . We also 

447
00:18:16,260 --> 00:18:18,371
expect them to be ready , capable and 

448
00:18:18,371 --> 00:18:20,538
willing to deploy when trouble calls . 

449
00:18:21,100 --> 00:18:23,322
And we expect them to stand shoulder to 

450
00:18:23,322 --> 00:18:25,322
shoulder with the United States and 

451
00:18:25,322 --> 00:18:27,378
confronting Chinese bad behavior and 

452
00:18:27,378 --> 00:18:29,433
Russian aggression . To overcome the 

453
00:18:29,433 --> 00:18:31,433
increasingly complex threats in the 

454
00:18:31,433 --> 00:18:33,378
21st century and defend our shared 

455
00:18:33,378 --> 00:18:35,544
values , there could be no free riders 

456
00:18:35,544 --> 00:18:38,310
to our common security . A second tour 

457
00:18:38,310 --> 00:18:40,477
we used to operationalize the G DAP is 

458
00:18:40,477 --> 00:18:42,477
international professional military 

459
00:18:42,477 --> 00:18:44,588
education . One of our best means for 

460
00:18:44,588 --> 00:18:46,810
strengthening existing partnerships ing 

461
00:18:46,810 --> 00:18:48,921
cultivating new ones is education and 

462
00:18:48,921 --> 00:18:50,977
training programs , especially those 

463
00:18:50,977 --> 00:18:52,921
run right here , a home the United 

464
00:18:52,921 --> 00:18:54,921
States provides allies and partners 

465
00:18:54,921 --> 00:18:56,754
with access to almost 400 US led 

466
00:18:56,754 --> 00:18:58,977
professional military education courses 

467
00:18:58,977 --> 00:19:00,921
for the next generation of foreign 

468
00:19:00,921 --> 00:19:03,088
leaders . Toe learn alongside our best 

469
00:19:03,088 --> 00:19:05,400
and brightest . I personally benefited 

470
00:19:05,460 --> 00:19:07,460
from these sorts of programs , from 

471
00:19:07,460 --> 00:19:09,682
attending West Point with students from 

472
00:19:09,682 --> 00:19:11,627
other countries to training at the 

473
00:19:11,627 --> 00:19:13,793
Hellenic Military Academy in Greece as 

474
00:19:13,793 --> 00:19:15,960
a cadet and studying with an office in 

475
00:19:15,960 --> 00:19:17,849
Africa during the Army's Infantry 

476
00:19:17,849 --> 00:19:21,250
officer Basic course in 1986 . Programs 

477
00:19:21,250 --> 00:19:23,472
like these promote closer relationships 

478
00:19:23,472 --> 00:19:25,694
with valuable partners around the world 

479
00:19:25,694 --> 00:19:27,639
while also introducing them to our 

480
00:19:27,639 --> 00:19:29,750
training , equipment , values and way 

481
00:19:29,750 --> 00:19:32,050
of life . That is why I have asked the 

482
00:19:32,050 --> 00:19:34,161
department to find ways to expand the 

483
00:19:34,161 --> 00:19:36,383
programs with the highest potential for 

484
00:19:36,383 --> 00:19:38,328
enduring impact , increasing their 

485
00:19:38,328 --> 00:19:40,620
student participation by 10% in fiscal 

486
00:19:40,620 --> 00:19:44,340
year 20 21/50 percent between fiscal 

487
00:19:44,350 --> 00:19:46,560
year 2021 2025 . 

488
00:19:48,240 --> 00:19:49,740
At the same time , we need 

489
00:19:49,740 --> 00:19:51,684
congressional support for expanded 

490
00:19:51,684 --> 00:19:53,907
Defense Department Authority to conduct 

491
00:19:53,907 --> 00:19:55,796
these programs if we are to truly 

492
00:19:55,796 --> 00:19:58,129
maximize their impact over the long run . 

493
00:19:59,240 --> 00:20:01,018
Third , we're exploring ways to 

494
00:20:01,018 --> 00:20:02,684
optimize and expand the state 

495
00:20:02,684 --> 00:20:04,740
partnership program . Established in 

496
00:20:04,740 --> 00:20:06,930
1993 by the National Guard Bureau , 

497
00:20:06,940 --> 00:20:08,884
this program was designed to build 

498
00:20:08,884 --> 00:20:10,996
relationship ships with former Soviet 

499
00:20:10,996 --> 00:20:13,218
bloc nations , starting with just three 

500
00:20:13,218 --> 00:20:15,329
partnerships in the Baltics . Today , 

501
00:20:15,329 --> 00:20:17,760
it boasts 82 around the world and each 

502
00:20:17,770 --> 00:20:20,110
US state territory , and the District 

503
00:20:20,120 --> 00:20:22,287
of Columbia has at least one partner . 

504
00:20:23,690 --> 00:20:25,579
The program continues to grow and 

505
00:20:25,579 --> 00:20:27,857
expand with four relationships pending . 

506
00:20:27,857 --> 00:20:30,079
I'd like to add eight on top of that by 

507
00:20:30,079 --> 00:20:32,301
the end of 2025 to support this . We're 

508
00:20:32,301 --> 00:20:34,190
looking at increasing funding and 

509
00:20:34,190 --> 00:20:35,857
making those resource is more 

510
00:20:35,857 --> 00:20:37,857
consistent and predictable . But we 

511
00:20:37,857 --> 00:20:39,968
need congressional support to do so . 

512
00:20:39,968 --> 00:20:41,968
At the same time , the program must 

513
00:20:41,968 --> 00:20:44,079
also shift its focus to frontline and 

514
00:20:44,079 --> 00:20:46,079
emerging partner nations to compete 

515
00:20:46,079 --> 00:20:47,857
with China and Russia . We will 

516
00:20:47,857 --> 00:20:49,801
undertake an independent strategic 

517
00:20:49,801 --> 00:20:51,746
evaluation to look at all existing 

518
00:20:51,746 --> 00:20:53,357
partnerships to help us find 

519
00:20:53,357 --> 00:20:55,023
efficiencies and increase the 

520
00:20:55,023 --> 00:20:57,357
effectiveness of this important program . 

521
00:20:57,540 --> 00:20:59,850
Finally , under foreign military cells 

522
00:20:59,850 --> 00:21:01,794
were focused on the need to better 

523
00:21:01,794 --> 00:21:03,572
utilize our premier equipment , 

524
00:21:03,572 --> 00:21:05,740
technology and systems as a strategic 

525
00:21:05,740 --> 00:21:07,850
tool to improve ally and partner 

526
00:21:07,850 --> 00:21:10,072
warfighting capabilities while building 

527
00:21:10,072 --> 00:21:12,239
interoperability with our armed forces 

528
00:21:12,239 --> 00:21:14,406
and deepening the relationship between 

529
00:21:14,406 --> 00:21:17,030
our countries . In fiscal Year 2019 we 

530
00:21:17,030 --> 00:21:19,380
maintain sales of more than $55 billion 

531
00:21:19,530 --> 00:21:21,752
for the second consecutive year , which 

532
00:21:21,752 --> 00:21:23,586
increased our three year rolling 

533
00:21:23,586 --> 00:21:25,890
average for sales by 16% . In the end 

534
00:21:25,890 --> 00:21:28,057
of Pacific alone . There are currently 

535
00:21:28,057 --> 00:21:30,350
worth more than $160 billion worth of 

536
00:21:30,350 --> 00:21:32,770
projects underway , including $22 

537
00:21:32,770 --> 00:21:35,010
billion in newly initiated projects in 

538
00:21:35,010 --> 00:21:36,899
this fiscal year alone , which is 

539
00:21:36,899 --> 00:21:39,220
almost half of all foreign military 

540
00:21:39,220 --> 00:21:42,670
sales globally . We're providing F 35 

541
00:21:42,670 --> 00:21:45,040
aircraft in Japan , Seahawk and Apache 

542
00:21:45,040 --> 00:21:47,470
helicopters to India and F 16 fighter 

543
00:21:47,470 --> 00:21:50,450
just to Taiwan , to name a few examples 

544
00:21:51,440 --> 00:21:53,607
and as a supplementary tool to counter 

545
00:21:53,607 --> 00:21:55,329
Chinese aggression , were also 

546
00:21:55,329 --> 00:21:57,440
delivering excess defense articles to 

547
00:21:57,440 --> 00:21:59,662
partners in the region . For instance , 

548
00:21:59,662 --> 00:22:01,829
we're providing Vietnam and additional 

549
00:22:01,829 --> 00:22:03,940
high endurance Coast Guard cutter for 

550
00:22:03,940 --> 00:22:06,162
enhanced maritime security in the South 

551
00:22:06,162 --> 00:22:08,162
China Sea . The strength of foreign 

552
00:22:08,162 --> 00:22:10,329
military cells as a tool for advancing 

553
00:22:10,329 --> 00:22:12,218
our relationships is equal to its 

554
00:22:12,218 --> 00:22:14,329
potential for unleashing our domestic 

555
00:22:14,329 --> 00:22:16,496
industrial race for innovation at home 

556
00:22:16,496 --> 00:22:18,718
and strategic competition in the global 

557
00:22:18,718 --> 00:22:21,480
marketplace . So in line with the GDF , 

558
00:22:21,480 --> 00:22:23,536
we launched a complimentary parallel 

559
00:22:23,536 --> 00:22:25,202
effort to further prepare the 

560
00:22:25,202 --> 00:22:27,480
department for great power competition , 

561
00:22:27,480 --> 00:22:30,210
defense , trade , modernization . This 

562
00:22:30,210 --> 00:22:32,099
initiative seeks to solve to core 

563
00:22:32,099 --> 00:22:34,210
problems . First , I continue to hear 

564
00:22:34,210 --> 00:22:36,321
from foreign defense ministers and US 

565
00:22:36,321 --> 00:22:38,154
industry that our defense export 

566
00:22:38,154 --> 00:22:40,390
processes are often too slow , opaque 

567
00:22:40,400 --> 00:22:43,080
and complicated . Second , we must 

568
00:22:43,080 --> 00:22:45,302
compete with China and Russia who stole 

569
00:22:45,302 --> 00:22:47,413
whose state owned industries can fast 

570
00:22:47,413 --> 00:22:49,580
track military exports in ways that we 

571
00:22:49,580 --> 00:22:52,060
cannot . It would never want to . In 

572
00:22:52,060 --> 00:22:55,370
many cases , as Beijing and Moscow work 

573
00:22:55,370 --> 00:22:57,426
to expand their share of the world's 

574
00:22:57,426 --> 00:22:59,426
weapons market . They attract other 

575
00:22:59,426 --> 00:23:01,703
countries into their security networks , 

576
00:23:01,703 --> 00:23:03,870
challenge the United States efforts to 

577
00:23:03,870 --> 00:23:06,037
cultivate relationships and complicate 

578
00:23:06,037 --> 00:23:08,259
the future operating environment at the 

579
00:23:08,259 --> 00:23:09,926
same time , in light of these 

580
00:23:09,926 --> 00:23:12,037
challenges , we set out to reform our 

581
00:23:12,037 --> 00:23:11,980
approach to make the United States more 

582
00:23:11,980 --> 00:23:14,091
competitive in the global marketplace 

583
00:23:14,091 --> 00:23:16,258
and to strengthen our cooperation with 

584
00:23:16,258 --> 00:23:18,480
allies and partners . Going forward and 

585
00:23:18,480 --> 00:23:20,702
in closer collaboration with industry , 

586
00:23:20,702 --> 00:23:22,480
the department will take a more 

587
00:23:22,480 --> 00:23:24,313
strategic enterprise approach to 

588
00:23:24,313 --> 00:23:26,313
foreign military sales and security 

589
00:23:26,313 --> 00:23:28,480
cooperation . That is why last month I 

590
00:23:28,480 --> 00:23:30,702
directed several changes to our defense 

591
00:23:30,702 --> 00:23:32,869
export systems across four key areas . 

592
00:23:33,810 --> 00:23:36,032
Number one Require early export ability 

593
00:23:36,032 --> 00:23:38,300
for critical weapons systems to 

594
00:23:38,350 --> 00:23:40,183
institute an agile framework for 

595
00:23:40,183 --> 00:23:42,950
technology , release three prioritized 

596
00:23:42,950 --> 00:23:45,170
countries or capabilities or both to 

597
00:23:45,170 --> 00:23:48,070
capture or keep key markets and for 

598
00:23:48,180 --> 00:23:49,847
improve the predictability of 

599
00:23:49,847 --> 00:23:51,569
international demand to inform 

600
00:23:51,569 --> 00:23:53,569
commercial investments and increase 

601
00:23:53,569 --> 00:23:55,736
industrial capacity . As part of these 

602
00:23:55,736 --> 00:23:57,736
efforts , were developing a foreign 

603
00:23:57,736 --> 00:23:59,791
military sales dashboard informed by 

604
00:23:59,791 --> 00:24:01,847
the G D app that will track the most 

605
00:24:01,847 --> 00:24:03,680
important cases moving along the 

606
00:24:03,680 --> 00:24:05,847
process to ensure our partners get the 

607
00:24:05,847 --> 00:24:07,902
equipment and systems they need when 

608
00:24:07,902 --> 00:24:10,110
they need them . Moreover , it will 

609
00:24:10,110 --> 00:24:11,999
prioritize cases that enhancement 

610
00:24:11,999 --> 00:24:13,999
without E and then interoperability 

611
00:24:13,999 --> 00:24:15,832
with the United States , enabled 

612
00:24:15,832 --> 00:24:17,721
domestic industrial base and deny 

613
00:24:17,721 --> 00:24:19,666
market space to China and Russia . 

614
00:24:20,440 --> 00:24:22,384
Another example of defense trade , 

615
00:24:22,384 --> 00:24:24,384
modernization inaction was our work 

616
00:24:24,384 --> 00:24:26,496
with the White House and Inter agency 

617
00:24:26,496 --> 00:24:28,662
to modernize the regulations governing 

618
00:24:28,662 --> 00:24:30,718
exports of unmanned aerial systems . 

619
00:24:30,718 --> 00:24:32,607
Decades old rules handicapped our 

620
00:24:32,607 --> 00:24:34,662
industrial base and , by extension , 

621
00:24:34,662 --> 00:24:36,829
our partners by unnecessarily limiting 

622
00:24:36,829 --> 00:24:39,380
US cells through the president's 

623
00:24:39,380 --> 00:24:41,491
actions this summer , we will bolster 

624
00:24:41,491 --> 00:24:43,491
our economic security at home while 

625
00:24:43,491 --> 00:24:45,380
improving the capabilities of our 

626
00:24:45,380 --> 00:24:48,460
partners abroad in the months and years 

627
00:24:48,460 --> 00:24:50,627
to come , these efforts will provide a 

628
00:24:50,627 --> 00:24:52,738
cohesive , coordinated and measurable 

629
00:24:52,738 --> 00:24:54,960
approach for how we invest in , enhance 

630
00:24:54,960 --> 00:24:56,904
and assess our defense cooperation 

631
00:24:56,904 --> 00:24:58,904
worldwide . Great power competition 

632
00:24:58,904 --> 00:25:01,127
requires us to engage with every nation 

633
00:25:01,127 --> 00:25:03,460
more strategically , no matter its size . 

634
00:25:03,940 --> 00:25:06,273
We cannot overlook countries like Malta , 

635
00:25:06,273 --> 00:25:09,120
as history has shown is an example of 

636
00:25:09,120 --> 00:25:11,287
our new way of thinking . Earlier this 

637
00:25:11,287 --> 00:25:13,398
summer , I became the first secretary 

638
00:25:13,398 --> 00:25:15,620
defense to visit Palau , a small island 

639
00:25:15,620 --> 00:25:17,287
country but critical to power 

640
00:25:17,287 --> 00:25:19,398
projection in the Western Pacific . A 

641
00:25:19,398 --> 00:25:21,620
year before that , I visited Mongolia , 

642
00:25:21,620 --> 00:25:23,564
another important country in a geo 

643
00:25:23,564 --> 00:25:26,000
strategic location . At the other end 

644
00:25:26,000 --> 00:25:28,222
of the spectrum , we need to strengthen 

645
00:25:28,222 --> 00:25:30,444
ties with large like minded democracies 

646
00:25:30,444 --> 00:25:33,990
such as India and Indonesia . Last week , 

647
00:25:33,990 --> 00:25:35,768
I hosted the Indonesian defense 

648
00:25:35,768 --> 00:25:37,768
minister at the Pentagon to discuss 

649
00:25:37,768 --> 00:25:39,934
issues ranging from joint training and 

650
00:25:39,934 --> 00:25:42,101
arms sales , toe personnel exchanges , 

651
00:25:42,101 --> 00:25:44,101
human rights and regional political 

652
00:25:44,101 --> 00:25:46,157
affairs . Next week , I'll travel to 

653
00:25:46,157 --> 00:25:48,212
New Delhi for the third two plus two 

654
00:25:48,212 --> 00:25:50,046
ministerial dialogue between our 

655
00:25:50,046 --> 00:25:52,400
countries . Established in 2018 these 

656
00:25:52,400 --> 00:25:54,344
meetings reflect our nation's ever 

657
00:25:54,344 --> 00:25:56,567
increasing convergence on the strategic 

658
00:25:56,567 --> 00:25:58,830
issues of our time . Last year we 

659
00:25:58,830 --> 00:26:00,886
conducted our first ever tri service 

660
00:26:00,886 --> 00:26:03,220
military exercise Tiger triumph with 

661
00:26:03,220 --> 00:26:05,210
India , and in July , the U . S s 

662
00:26:05,210 --> 00:26:07,266
Nimitz conducted a combined exercise 

663
00:26:07,320 --> 00:26:09,550
with the Indian Navy Navy . Has it 

664
00:26:09,550 --> 00:26:13,070
transited the Indian Ocean ? We also 

665
00:26:13,070 --> 00:26:15,126
held our first ever US India defense 

666
00:26:15,126 --> 00:26:17,014
cyber dialogue in September as we 

667
00:26:17,014 --> 00:26:18,903
expand our collaboration into new 

668
00:26:18,903 --> 00:26:21,150
domains . Together , these efforts will 

669
00:26:21,150 --> 00:26:23,261
strengthen what may become one of the 

670
00:26:23,261 --> 00:26:25,428
most consequential partnerships of the 

671
00:26:25,428 --> 00:26:27,670
21st century . As we continue to 

672
00:26:27,670 --> 00:26:29,726
bolster strategic relationships with 

673
00:26:29,726 --> 00:26:31,948
like minded nations were also deepening 

674
00:26:31,948 --> 00:26:33,726
cooperation with our most loyal 

675
00:26:33,726 --> 00:26:35,837
partners . Shortly after signed after 

676
00:26:35,837 --> 00:26:37,559
the signing of the historic US 

677
00:26:37,559 --> 00:26:39,726
facilitated Abraham accords , I hosted 

678
00:26:39,726 --> 00:26:41,892
my Israeli counterpart at the Pentagon 

679
00:26:41,892 --> 00:26:43,559
to reaffirm the United States 

680
00:26:43,559 --> 00:26:45,503
commitment to Israel's qualitative 

681
00:26:45,503 --> 00:26:47,726
military edge , and I hope to visit Tel 

682
00:26:47,726 --> 00:26:49,837
Aviv in the coming weeks to follow up 

683
00:26:49,837 --> 00:26:51,837
on our discussions . We continue to 

684
00:26:51,837 --> 00:26:53,670
work closely to develop advanced 

685
00:26:53,670 --> 00:26:55,837
capabilities , particularly in missile 

686
00:26:55,837 --> 00:26:57,948
defense . In August , our two nations 

687
00:26:57,948 --> 00:26:59,892
completed a successful test of the 

688
00:26:59,892 --> 00:27:01,614
arrow to air defense system by 

689
00:27:01,614 --> 00:27:03,726
intercepting a medium range ballistic 

690
00:27:03,726 --> 00:27:06,059
missile target and in September , the U . 

691
00:27:06,059 --> 00:27:08,059
S . Army took delivery of its first 

692
00:27:08,059 --> 00:27:10,003
iron dome missile defense system , 

693
00:27:10,003 --> 00:27:12,003
increasing our capability to defend 

694
00:27:12,003 --> 00:27:13,837
against a wide range of airborne 

695
00:27:13,837 --> 00:27:15,892
threats . Meanwhile , the signing of 

696
00:27:15,892 --> 00:27:18,059
the Abraham accords by the United Arab 

697
00:27:18,059 --> 00:27:20,003
Emirates and Bahrain reflect their 

698
00:27:20,003 --> 00:27:22,830
leadership in the Middle East to 

699
00:27:22,830 --> 00:27:24,719
address Iranian aggression in the 

700
00:27:24,719 --> 00:27:26,830
region . Both nations helped form the 

701
00:27:26,830 --> 00:27:28,608
international maritime security 

702
00:27:28,608 --> 00:27:30,552
construct and Bahrain now host its 

703
00:27:30,552 --> 00:27:32,663
headquarters and Naval Forces Central 

704
00:27:32,663 --> 00:27:35,760
Command in Manama . The I M S C is also 

705
00:27:35,760 --> 00:27:38,240
co co located with the Combined 

706
00:27:38,240 --> 00:27:40,910
Maritime Forces Headquarters , a 33 

707
00:27:40,910 --> 00:27:43,330
nation partnership to counter illicit 

708
00:27:43,340 --> 00:27:46,030
non state actors and advance freedom of 

709
00:27:46,030 --> 00:27:49,400
navigation in the region . These are 

710
00:27:49,400 --> 00:27:51,456
the types of targeted engagements in 

711
00:27:51,456 --> 00:27:53,511
cooperation we hope to expand in the 

712
00:27:53,511 --> 00:27:55,678
months and years ahead . As we look to 

713
00:27:55,678 --> 00:27:57,456
the future , the groundbreaking 

714
00:27:57,456 --> 00:27:59,622
initiatives I have laid out today will 

715
00:27:59,622 --> 00:28:01,789
only further complement our wide range 

716
00:28:01,789 --> 00:28:03,622
of objectives that implement the 

717
00:28:03,622 --> 00:28:05,400
national defense strategy . For 

718
00:28:05,400 --> 00:28:07,344
instance , this April I signed the 

719
00:28:07,344 --> 00:28:06,850
Joint Operational Training 

720
00:28:06,850 --> 00:28:08,906
Infrastructure Strategy to integrate 

721
00:28:08,906 --> 00:28:10,961
our efforts to modernize operational 

722
00:28:10,961 --> 00:28:13,520
training over the next 10 years and 

723
00:28:13,520 --> 00:28:16,680
fulfill another top tangle . The next 

724
00:28:16,680 --> 00:28:18,791
step in ensuring joint force training 

725
00:28:18,791 --> 00:28:21,013
replicates a high end fight against our 

726
00:28:21,013 --> 00:28:23,069
competitors , requires incorporating 

727
00:28:23,069 --> 00:28:25,900
our allies and partners . We're already 

728
00:28:25,900 --> 00:28:27,622
moving in this direction as we 

729
00:28:27,622 --> 00:28:29,844
implement enhanced operational concepts 

730
00:28:29,844 --> 00:28:32,178
such as dynamic force employment . Also , 

731
00:28:32,178 --> 00:28:35,400
a top 10 NDS goal earlier this year is 

732
00:28:35,400 --> 00:28:37,289
part of the new Bomber Task Force 

733
00:28:37,289 --> 00:28:39,511
missions . A B one bomber flew from the 

734
00:28:39,511 --> 00:28:41,733
continent continental United States and 

735
00:28:41,733 --> 00:28:43,844
integrated with Japanese fighters for 

736
00:28:43,844 --> 00:28:45,789
joint training near Japan . And in 

737
00:28:45,789 --> 00:28:48,910
August 6 B 52 bombers from May not Air 

738
00:28:48,910 --> 00:28:51,880
Force Base over flew all 30 NATO 

739
00:28:51,880 --> 00:28:54,670
countries in a single day , integrating 

740
00:28:54,670 --> 00:28:56,726
with allied fighter aircraft . Along 

741
00:28:56,726 --> 00:28:59,050
the way . This robust show of force by 

742
00:28:59,050 --> 00:29:01,550
a broad coalition did not go unnoticed 

743
00:29:01,560 --> 00:29:04,130
by Moscow . Neither did our ability to 

744
00:29:04,130 --> 00:29:06,297
rapidly deploy our bombers anywhere at 

745
00:29:06,297 --> 00:29:09,140
any time sending a strong message of 

746
00:29:09,140 --> 00:29:11,470
our commitment toe allies and partners . 

747
00:29:12,440 --> 00:29:14,607
Furthermore , as we move to our combat 

748
00:29:14,607 --> 00:29:16,718
command , reviews and optimized force 

749
00:29:16,718 --> 00:29:18,551
posture in various theaters were 

750
00:29:18,551 --> 00:29:20,662
considering additional deployments of 

751
00:29:20,662 --> 00:29:22,607
the Army Security Force Assistance 

752
00:29:22,607 --> 00:29:24,384
Brigade . Earlier this year , I 

753
00:29:24,384 --> 00:29:26,607
directed elements of the Army's first s 

754
00:29:26,607 --> 00:29:28,718
fact Africa to conduct train , advise 

755
00:29:28,718 --> 00:29:30,718
and assist missions while we return 

756
00:29:30,718 --> 00:29:32,829
Elements 101st Airborne Division back 

757
00:29:32,829 --> 00:29:34,773
home to prepare for high intensity 

758
00:29:34,773 --> 00:29:36,910
conflict elements of other s fabs air 

759
00:29:36,910 --> 00:29:39,077
currently in Centcom and South . Com . 

760
00:29:39,740 --> 00:29:41,629
These were just the first of many 

761
00:29:41,629 --> 00:29:43,796
decisions we'll make a We complete the 

762
00:29:43,796 --> 00:29:45,851
Combatant Command reviews and pursue 

763
00:29:45,851 --> 00:29:47,796
innovative means to strengthen our 

764
00:29:47,796 --> 00:29:49,907
defense cooperation worldwide . While 

765
00:29:49,907 --> 00:29:52,129
better preparing for the high end fight 

766
00:29:52,440 --> 00:29:54,900
in closing the United States is and 

767
00:29:54,900 --> 00:29:57,300
will remain the global security partner 

768
00:29:57,300 --> 00:29:59,522
of choice , not on Lee , because of the 

769
00:29:59,522 --> 00:30:01,522
actions I laid out today , but more 

770
00:30:01,522 --> 00:30:03,133
importantly , because of our 

771
00:30:03,133 --> 00:30:05,300
capabilities , our commitments and our 

772
00:30:05,300 --> 00:30:08,210
values . Unlike other competitors , we 

773
00:30:08,210 --> 00:30:10,488
respect the sovereignty of all nations , 

774
00:30:10,488 --> 00:30:12,760
large and small . We uphold 

775
00:30:13,050 --> 00:30:15,500
international rules and norms . We 

776
00:30:15,500 --> 00:30:18,200
believe in the peaceful resolution of 

777
00:30:18,200 --> 00:30:21,260
disputes , and we promote free , fair 

778
00:30:21,440 --> 00:30:24,240
and reciprocal trade . And thanks to 

779
00:30:24,240 --> 00:30:26,462
the efforts described earlier , We will 

780
00:30:26,462 --> 00:30:28,684
implement the national defense strategy 

781
00:30:28,684 --> 00:30:30,629
and build a more ready , capable , 

782
00:30:30,629 --> 00:30:32,296
stronger and better connected 

783
00:30:32,296 --> 00:30:34,351
constellation of allies and partners 

784
00:30:34,351 --> 00:30:36,184
that is so very important to our 

785
00:30:36,184 --> 00:30:38,390
national security . Together we will 

786
00:30:38,390 --> 00:30:41,030
continue to deter conflict , preserve 

787
00:30:41,030 --> 00:30:43,040
peace and defend the free and open 

788
00:30:43,040 --> 00:30:46,090
order that a service also well for many 

789
00:30:46,100 --> 00:30:48,550
more generations to come . Thank you . 

790
00:30:52,540 --> 00:30:56,220
Oh , Mr Secretary , we had a full 

791
00:30:56,220 --> 00:30:58,164
house right now . I think you'd be 

792
00:30:58,164 --> 00:31:00,820
hearing quite innovation . That was a 

793
00:31:00,830 --> 00:31:04,590
remarkable speech , a lot of new detail 

794
00:31:04,590 --> 00:31:06,423
in it , at least for many of our 

795
00:31:06,423 --> 00:31:08,534
audience and a lot of smart people in 

796
00:31:08,534 --> 00:31:10,534
our audience . There's a lot of new 

797
00:31:10,534 --> 00:31:12,646
detail . Have one sort of overarching 

798
00:31:12,790 --> 00:31:15,890
question that the whole speech sort of 

799
00:31:15,890 --> 00:31:19,670
speaks to . And that is it seems to be 

800
00:31:19,670 --> 00:31:23,500
a resounding underscoring of the 

801
00:31:23,500 --> 00:31:26,610
strategic necessity of allies , maybe 

802
00:31:26,610 --> 00:31:29,560
even more now in a new era of global 

803
00:31:29,560 --> 00:31:31,671
competition , at least in a different 

804
00:31:31,671 --> 00:31:33,616
way . Could you just speak to that 

805
00:31:33,616 --> 00:31:37,120
overall , Um uh , question of 

806
00:31:37,130 --> 00:31:40,010
is the strategic necessity of allies , 

807
00:31:40,020 --> 00:31:43,920
uh , even greater now ? I think in 

808
00:31:43,920 --> 00:31:45,753
many ways you're correct . It is 

809
00:31:45,753 --> 00:31:47,864
greater . It's not because we have to 

810
00:31:48,140 --> 00:31:50,251
determined be prepared for a conflict 

811
00:31:50,251 --> 00:31:52,418
against a resurgent Russia , something 

812
00:31:52,418 --> 00:31:55,430
that you know 25 or so years ago , when 

813
00:31:55,430 --> 00:31:59,050
I was serving in in in Europe in the 

814
00:31:59,050 --> 00:32:01,106
early nineties , we were celebrating 

815
00:32:01,106 --> 00:32:03,217
the end of the Cold War , and we were 

816
00:32:03,217 --> 00:32:05,272
celebrating the the dismantlement of 

817
00:32:05,272 --> 00:32:07,272
the Soviet Union . And here we find 

818
00:32:07,272 --> 00:32:09,272
ourselves back again , dealing with 

819
00:32:09,272 --> 00:32:11,272
revanchist Russia something I don't 

820
00:32:11,272 --> 00:32:13,328
think any of us anticipated . At the 

821
00:32:13,328 --> 00:32:15,610
same time , we know that for the past 2 

822
00:32:15,610 --> 00:32:18,220
to 3 decades , China has been slowly , 

823
00:32:18,230 --> 00:32:20,670
carefully , quietly building up its 

824
00:32:20,670 --> 00:32:23,260
military capabilities , building its 

825
00:32:23,260 --> 00:32:26,940
economy and also acting in ways that 

826
00:32:26,940 --> 00:32:29,162
challenge the international rules based 

827
00:32:29,162 --> 00:32:31,060
order . So allies become now mawr 

828
00:32:31,060 --> 00:32:33,282
important than ever . It's not just the 

829
00:32:33,282 --> 00:32:35,393
allies in the European theater , it's 

830
00:32:35,393 --> 00:32:37,227
the allies in the end of Pacific 

831
00:32:37,227 --> 00:32:39,227
Theater , and because this is great 

832
00:32:39,227 --> 00:32:41,504
power competition , it's global nature . 

833
00:32:41,504 --> 00:32:43,671
So we see Russia and China on the move 

834
00:32:43,671 --> 00:32:45,760
in the Americas , in Africa , in the 

835
00:32:45,760 --> 00:32:47,816
Middle East , uh , in the Arctic and 

836
00:32:47,816 --> 00:32:50,650
the Antarctic . So we have to compete , 

837
00:32:50,660 --> 00:32:52,771
and we have to compete aggressively , 

838
00:32:52,771 --> 00:32:54,660
all of us together and again . If 

839
00:32:54,660 --> 00:32:56,493
deterrence fails , we need to be 

840
00:32:56,493 --> 00:32:58,604
prepared for the worst . Thank you Mr 

841
00:32:58,604 --> 00:33:01,490
Secretary , just to our our global 

842
00:33:01,490 --> 00:33:03,830
audience of viewers and listeners . Uh , 

843
00:33:03,840 --> 00:33:06,007
in the beginning , there were a couple 

844
00:33:06,007 --> 00:33:09,630
of glitches of sound . Uh , we've heard 

845
00:33:09,630 --> 00:33:13,100
about that , Uh , in the final version 

846
00:33:13,100 --> 00:33:15,280
that we will post all that audio will 

847
00:33:15,280 --> 00:33:17,447
be cleaned up . You'll definitely have 

848
00:33:17,447 --> 00:33:20,270
a transcript of the secretary is very 

849
00:33:20,440 --> 00:33:22,590
important remarks . Ondas . I 

850
00:33:22,590 --> 00:33:25,150
understand . Uh , most of this has been 

851
00:33:25,150 --> 00:33:27,372
well received . And so I just wanted to 

852
00:33:27,372 --> 00:33:29,539
say that for those who have missed any 

853
00:33:29,539 --> 00:33:31,872
part of this really important statement , 

854
00:33:31,872 --> 00:33:35,430
um , the I 

855
00:33:35,440 --> 00:33:38,000
mentioned that you were kind enough toe 

856
00:33:38,010 --> 00:33:40,830
salute . General Scowcroft , uh , he 

857
00:33:40,960 --> 00:33:42,738
embodied the Atlantic Council's 

858
00:33:42,738 --> 00:33:45,740
devotion to developing strategies . Uh , 

859
00:33:45,750 --> 00:33:48,380
when working with allies , uh , 

860
00:33:48,390 --> 00:33:50,334
developed challenges and work with 

861
00:33:50,334 --> 00:33:52,390
allies , we've been doubling down on 

862
00:33:52,390 --> 00:33:54,580
that legacy of Atlantic Council . How 

863
00:33:54,580 --> 00:33:56,780
do you prioritize development of joint 

864
00:33:56,780 --> 00:33:59,530
strategies with allies and partners ? 

865
00:33:59,530 --> 00:34:03,150
Which , uh , you talked about jointness 

866
00:34:03,150 --> 00:34:05,206
within the U . S . But how do you do 

867
00:34:05,206 --> 00:34:07,330
jointness with strength with allies 

868
00:34:07,330 --> 00:34:09,441
through this period of time . And you 

869
00:34:09,441 --> 00:34:13,360
also talked in in , um uh , in 

870
00:34:13,370 --> 00:34:15,490
the two areas . Major Elliott areas 

871
00:34:15,490 --> 00:34:17,379
that you're outlying . I always I 

872
00:34:17,379 --> 00:34:19,434
always love a new Pentagon acronym . 

873
00:34:19,434 --> 00:34:22,470
Giddap . On and Perhaps you can also 

874
00:34:22,470 --> 00:34:24,940
talk about whether there's a new area 

875
00:34:24,950 --> 00:34:26,710
where we could expand defense 

876
00:34:26,710 --> 00:34:28,932
industrial cooperation with allies . So 

877
00:34:28,932 --> 00:34:31,010
not just FMS , but also working 

878
00:34:31,010 --> 00:34:33,190
strongly with allies to improve our 

879
00:34:33,190 --> 00:34:35,630
capabilities . Well , we certainly need 

880
00:34:35,630 --> 00:34:37,797
to integrate our allies and all of our 

881
00:34:37,797 --> 00:34:39,852
planning and preparation . It's it's 

882
00:34:39,852 --> 00:34:41,963
not just the right thing to do . It's 

883
00:34:41,963 --> 00:34:44,186
necessary . It's even called for in the 

884
00:34:44,186 --> 00:34:46,352
national defense strategy , you know . 

885
00:34:46,352 --> 00:34:48,352
So as I sat down with my leadership 

886
00:34:48,352 --> 00:34:50,241
team , both uniformed military 15 

887
00:34:50,241 --> 00:34:52,560
months or so I go now and we looked at 

888
00:34:52,560 --> 00:34:54,504
the national defense strategy . We 

889
00:34:54,504 --> 00:34:56,727
figured out how do we move forward with 

890
00:34:56,727 --> 00:34:58,171
this goal of irreversible 

891
00:34:58,171 --> 00:35:00,338
implementation of N . D s ? One of the 

892
00:35:00,338 --> 00:35:02,393
things that came out was that we did 

893
00:35:02,393 --> 00:35:04,116
not have a coherent , coherent 

894
00:35:04,116 --> 00:35:06,004
strategic approach toe allies and 

895
00:35:06,004 --> 00:35:08,171
partners . That was the genesis of the 

896
00:35:08,171 --> 00:35:10,393
jet apathy , the global plan to develop 

897
00:35:10,393 --> 00:35:12,504
allies and partners . And so what you 

898
00:35:12,504 --> 00:35:14,171
found a times , for example . 

899
00:35:14,171 --> 00:35:16,338
Anecdotally , you go toe you hear from 

900
00:35:16,338 --> 00:35:18,560
a foreign country of partner and ally , 

901
00:35:18,560 --> 00:35:20,616
who would say , Look , I'm not clear 

902
00:35:20,616 --> 00:35:22,616
what you want me to do because this 

903
00:35:22,616 --> 00:35:24,671
secretary came in and said , We want 

904
00:35:24,671 --> 00:35:26,893
you to buy this . A combatant commander 

905
00:35:26,893 --> 00:35:28,893
came in and said by that . And then 

906
00:35:28,893 --> 00:35:31,340
Undersecretary said by this the same 

907
00:35:31,340 --> 00:35:33,507
thing is true with exercises . So what 

908
00:35:33,507 --> 00:35:35,507
we want to do is really Look at all 

909
00:35:35,507 --> 00:35:37,729
those key levers that I mentioned in my 

910
00:35:37,729 --> 00:35:39,673
remarks . Foreign military sales , 

911
00:35:39,673 --> 00:35:39,440
training and exercises , key leader 

912
00:35:39,440 --> 00:35:42,760
engagements , Um , uh , purchases , 

913
00:35:42,760 --> 00:35:45,093
etcetera . And make sure that they were , 

914
00:35:45,093 --> 00:35:47,640
uh , centralized and focused on focused 

915
00:35:47,640 --> 00:35:49,810
on what's important to the to the , uh 

916
00:35:49,820 --> 00:35:51,931
to us and and to them in terms of the 

917
00:35:51,931 --> 00:35:53,931
department's approach , rather than 

918
00:35:53,931 --> 00:35:55,709
having a regional approach or a 

919
00:35:55,709 --> 00:35:57,931
disaggregated approach that was in some 

920
00:35:57,931 --> 00:36:00,042
ways lending toward confusion and not 

921
00:36:00,042 --> 00:36:02,264
necessarily maximizing the power of and 

922
00:36:02,264 --> 00:36:04,431
the synergy of bring it all together . 

923
00:36:04,431 --> 00:36:06,320
So that is really the fundamental 

924
00:36:06,320 --> 00:36:08,542
purpose of this document that g . Dap . 

925
00:36:08,542 --> 00:36:08,350
And so now if you go into there , you 

926
00:36:08,350 --> 00:36:10,570
could look at any of the a few dozen 

927
00:36:10,570 --> 00:36:12,681
countries we have in there will be It 

928
00:36:12,681 --> 00:36:14,459
will be a very clear , detailed 

929
00:36:14,459 --> 00:36:16,570
approach of how we will engage allies 

930
00:36:16,570 --> 00:36:18,737
and partners and work to build this to 

931
00:36:18,737 --> 00:36:20,792
build and strengthen this network of 

932
00:36:20,792 --> 00:36:22,903
alliances and partnerships because we 

933
00:36:22,903 --> 00:36:25,140
do need everybody engaged . We do need 

934
00:36:25,140 --> 00:36:27,470
everybody to invest and build that 

935
00:36:27,470 --> 00:36:29,581
capability and capacity that would be 

936
00:36:29,581 --> 00:36:31,803
necessary to deter conflict and protect 

937
00:36:32,030 --> 00:36:34,141
this rules based order that served us 

938
00:36:34,141 --> 00:36:36,419
so well since the end of World War Two . 

939
00:36:36,419 --> 00:36:39,110
Is it at the same time a recognition 

940
00:36:39,110 --> 00:36:41,277
that we aren't where we ought to be in 

941
00:36:41,277 --> 00:36:43,054
that area and therefore you are 

942
00:36:43,054 --> 00:36:45,221
introducing these new measures ? Or we 

943
00:36:45,221 --> 00:36:47,054
would have had to do this anyway 

944
00:36:47,054 --> 00:36:49,332
because the landscape is changing ? Uh , 

945
00:36:49,332 --> 00:36:51,054
probably both , but we need to 

946
00:36:51,054 --> 00:36:53,166
accelerate . So I gave the stats in , 

947
00:36:53,166 --> 00:36:55,490
uh , in my remarks about in 2016 we had 

948
00:36:55,490 --> 00:36:58,250
five countries in NATO meeting the 2% 

949
00:36:58,250 --> 00:37:00,550
threshold despite the Wells pledge . 

950
00:37:01,020 --> 00:37:03,620
And now we have nine . We have , we 

951
00:37:03,620 --> 00:37:05,620
have , you know , we have two dozen 

952
00:37:05,620 --> 00:37:07,920
more to go 29 or 30 countries now in 

953
00:37:07,920 --> 00:37:10,087
NATO's , so we have a lot more work to 

954
00:37:10,087 --> 00:37:12,142
do . We need countries to contribute 

955
00:37:12,142 --> 00:37:14,309
more , not because it's some arbitrary 

956
00:37:14,309 --> 00:37:16,476
threshold . I think it's a solid floor 

957
00:37:16,476 --> 00:37:18,587
upon which to build upon , because if 

958
00:37:18,587 --> 00:37:20,587
you have that capability again , we 

959
00:37:20,587 --> 00:37:22,809
will deter conflict . And we won't have 

960
00:37:22,809 --> 00:37:22,560
to worry about the things that we 

961
00:37:22,560 --> 00:37:24,671
concerned ourselves about right now . 

962
00:37:24,830 --> 00:37:28,010
Um , so I'm gonna be asking some 

963
00:37:28,010 --> 00:37:30,121
questions of my own and some that are 

964
00:37:30,121 --> 00:37:32,260
an amalgam of my questions and then 

965
00:37:32,730 --> 00:37:36,670
some that have been , uh , volunteered 

966
00:37:36,670 --> 00:37:39,260
to us from some in our audience . Um , 

967
00:37:40,130 --> 00:37:42,950
this was a speech focusing on allies . 

968
00:37:42,960 --> 00:37:46,460
Um , let's , uh , go into 

969
00:37:46,460 --> 00:37:49,450
capabilities a bit . Uh , during the 

970
00:37:49,450 --> 00:37:52,560
very famous Kennedy Nixon campaign that 

971
00:37:52,560 --> 00:37:54,616
came shortly before the birth of the 

972
00:37:54,616 --> 00:37:57,400
Atlantic Council , a whole controversy 

973
00:37:57,400 --> 00:38:00,760
about a missile gap emerged . Uh , do 

974
00:38:00,760 --> 00:38:03,120
we and our allies now face the danger 

975
00:38:03,120 --> 00:38:06,500
of a capabilities gap ? You know , 

976
00:38:06,500 --> 00:38:10,150
about the the the book that's come 

977
00:38:10,150 --> 00:38:13,580
out kill chain that 

978
00:38:13,590 --> 00:38:16,800
focuses on this , um , our our 

979
00:38:16,800 --> 00:38:19,220
adversaries , either getting ahead of 

980
00:38:19,220 --> 00:38:21,442
us are in danger of getting ahead of us 

981
00:38:21,442 --> 00:38:23,109
in developing disruptive next 

982
00:38:23,109 --> 00:38:25,580
generation capabilities . While we 

983
00:38:25,590 --> 00:38:28,870
continue to focus on legacy systems . A 

984
00:38:28,880 --> 00:38:30,936
couple you could point out , you can 

985
00:38:30,936 --> 00:38:33,047
talkto hypersonic . You could look at 

986
00:38:33,047 --> 00:38:35,400
space , you can look at cyber on de . 

987
00:38:35,400 --> 00:38:37,289
So the first question is , is one 

988
00:38:37,289 --> 00:38:40,360
developing and second of all , uh , how 

989
00:38:40,360 --> 00:38:42,670
do allies fit into this picture ? Well , 

990
00:38:42,670 --> 00:38:44,892
first , let me say I am fully confident 

991
00:38:44,892 --> 00:38:47,003
that we would prevail in any conflict 

992
00:38:47,003 --> 00:38:48,670
today . Hands down , No doubt 

993
00:38:48,670 --> 00:38:51,280
whatsoever . So I say that 1st 2nd , 

994
00:38:51,280 --> 00:38:53,280
I'd say is there are areas where we 

995
00:38:53,280 --> 00:38:55,502
need to invest more and doom or and I'm 

996
00:38:55,502 --> 00:38:57,724
also equally confident that we're doing 

997
00:38:57,724 --> 00:38:59,558
that right now . In terms of the 

998
00:38:59,558 --> 00:39:01,724
funding we're putting into things such 

999
00:39:01,724 --> 00:39:03,613
as hyper Sonics directed energy , 

1000
00:39:03,613 --> 00:39:05,836
artificial intelligence , you name it . 

1001
00:39:05,836 --> 00:39:08,002
We're putting billions of dollars into 

1002
00:39:08,002 --> 00:39:10,113
these types of assistance because you 

1003
00:39:10,113 --> 00:39:12,224
look what the Chinese air doing . For 

1004
00:39:12,224 --> 00:39:14,280
example , between the year 2020 16 I 

1005
00:39:14,280 --> 00:39:16,224
think they invested . They had 10% 

1006
00:39:16,224 --> 00:39:18,113
annual real growth in the defense 

1007
00:39:18,113 --> 00:39:20,280
budget , and then these past few years 

1008
00:39:20,280 --> 00:39:22,224
it's been 5 to 7% . So significant 

1009
00:39:22,224 --> 00:39:24,336
increases in the defense budget , and 

1010
00:39:24,336 --> 00:39:26,336
Russia is investing as well , so we 

1011
00:39:26,336 --> 00:39:28,447
need to keep apace . I've argued that 

1012
00:39:28,447 --> 00:39:30,336
we should have , based on what we 

1013
00:39:30,336 --> 00:39:32,391
assess and what the National Defense 

1014
00:39:32,391 --> 00:39:34,502
Strategy Commission has recommended 3 

1015
00:39:34,502 --> 00:39:36,836
to 5% annual real real growth each year , 

1016
00:39:36,836 --> 00:39:38,947
and then we go look at areas to point 

1017
00:39:38,947 --> 00:39:38,440
to look at it . You mentioned the 

1018
00:39:38,440 --> 00:39:40,329
missile gap at the time when that 

1019
00:39:40,329 --> 00:39:41,773
happened . That was about 

1020
00:39:41,773 --> 00:39:43,884
intercontinental ballistic missiles . 

1021
00:39:43,884 --> 00:39:45,884
But we see as a result of a Chinese 

1022
00:39:45,884 --> 00:39:47,996
built up in the and and and to remind 

1023
00:39:47,996 --> 00:39:50,162
viewers . Kennedy was saying there was 

1024
00:39:50,162 --> 00:39:52,107
one that he thought was enormously 

1025
00:39:52,107 --> 00:39:53,884
large . And then when he became 

1026
00:39:53,884 --> 00:39:56,051
president , he actually found out that 

1027
00:39:56,051 --> 00:39:55,140
wasn't the case , and it was remember , 

1028
00:39:55,140 --> 00:39:57,390
was followed by the bomber cap gap to 

1029
00:39:57,400 --> 00:40:00,130
the bomber that preceded it . But the 

1030
00:40:00,130 --> 00:40:02,280
Chinese have built an extensive array 

1031
00:40:02,280 --> 00:40:04,870
of well over 1000 missiles intermediate 

1032
00:40:04,870 --> 00:40:08,250
range ballistic missiles in the Pacific , 

1033
00:40:08,260 --> 00:40:10,590
and the Russians have to , and they did 

1034
00:40:10,590 --> 00:40:12,757
it in violation the I N F Treaty , and 

1035
00:40:12,757 --> 00:40:14,868
we recognize that this in NATO we did 

1036
00:40:14,868 --> 00:40:16,757
last year . So we're committed to 

1037
00:40:16,757 --> 00:40:18,646
making sure that we build similar 

1038
00:40:18,646 --> 00:40:20,701
capabilities for both theaters , but 

1039
00:40:20,701 --> 00:40:20,470
the same time we need to improve our 

1040
00:40:20,470 --> 00:40:22,637
missile defenses against those type of 

1041
00:40:22,637 --> 00:40:24,692
systems and others . There are other 

1042
00:40:24,692 --> 00:40:26,803
areas that we don't talk about enough 

1043
00:40:26,803 --> 00:40:28,859
to look . Both China and Russia have 

1044
00:40:28,859 --> 00:40:31,026
taken the peaceful domain of space and 

1045
00:40:31,026 --> 00:40:33,081
militarized it . They put weapons in 

1046
00:40:33,081 --> 00:40:35,248
space . And if we're gonna protect and 

1047
00:40:35,248 --> 00:40:37,359
safeguard the heavens , if you will , 

1048
00:40:37,359 --> 00:40:39,526
the place from which we we're not just 

1049
00:40:39,526 --> 00:40:41,192
advance our security , but we 

1050
00:40:41,192 --> 00:40:43,414
facilitate commercial transactions . We 

1051
00:40:43,414 --> 00:40:45,490
look at the weather . We understand 

1052
00:40:45,490 --> 00:40:47,490
what's happening on our planet . If 

1053
00:40:47,490 --> 00:40:49,657
we're gonna protect that . We're gonna 

1054
00:40:49,657 --> 00:40:51,601
need to build defensive systems to 

1055
00:40:51,601 --> 00:40:53,657
compete in space . Cyber is the same 

1056
00:40:53,657 --> 00:40:53,520
thing . Another area where we have to 

1057
00:40:53,520 --> 00:40:55,464
do it . And then a zai mentioned I 

1058
00:40:55,464 --> 00:40:57,900
recently rolled out battle Force 2045 . 

1059
00:40:57,910 --> 00:41:00,021
We have to compete on the high seas . 

1060
00:41:00,021 --> 00:41:02,077
Uh , we have to have a navy that has 

1061
00:41:02,077 --> 00:41:04,270
Ford presence that can control sea 

1062
00:41:04,270 --> 00:41:06,214
lanes that could ensure freedom of 

1063
00:41:06,214 --> 00:41:08,326
navigation and commerce . And we will 

1064
00:41:08,326 --> 00:41:10,492
need a much bigger , more capable Navy 

1065
00:41:10,492 --> 00:41:12,603
to do that . So there are areas where 

1066
00:41:12,603 --> 00:41:14,850
we need to work , but the allies have a 

1067
00:41:14,860 --> 00:41:16,930
role . Uh , this morning I told you 

1068
00:41:16,930 --> 00:41:18,819
before he came in , I spoke to my 

1069
00:41:18,819 --> 00:41:20,652
counterpart from the U K Defense 

1070
00:41:20,652 --> 00:41:22,874
Minister Ben Wallace , and he and I had 

1071
00:41:22,874 --> 00:41:25,041
a very good conversation . But they're 

1072
00:41:25,041 --> 00:41:26,986
putting the Queen Elizabeth to see 

1073
00:41:26,986 --> 00:41:29,041
their carrier . And she has plans to 

1074
00:41:29,050 --> 00:41:31,830
sell , uh , to the Pacific next year 

1075
00:41:31,840 --> 00:41:34,090
with , by the way , U S Marine Corps F 

1076
00:41:34,090 --> 00:41:36,140
30 fives onboard , joint training , 

1077
00:41:36,140 --> 00:41:38,610
real time , day by day , week by week . 

1078
00:41:38,620 --> 00:41:41,250
But she will be in the Indo Pacific to 

1079
00:41:41,250 --> 00:41:43,472
do that next year . So it's just a good 

1080
00:41:43,472 --> 00:41:45,528
example . And we have other European 

1081
00:41:45,528 --> 00:41:47,750
allies and traditional allies from that 

1082
00:41:47,750 --> 00:41:49,972
region there all the time , cooperating 

1083
00:41:49,972 --> 00:41:52,083
and working together . So thank you , 

1084
00:41:52,083 --> 00:41:54,194
Mr Century . Let's jump . We've got a 

1085
00:41:54,194 --> 00:41:56,417
little short of 20 minutes left . Let's 

1086
00:41:56,417 --> 00:41:58,583
jump to a couple of regions around the 

1087
00:41:58,583 --> 00:42:01,010
world Azaz you mentioned in your speech 

1088
00:42:01,010 --> 00:42:03,232
and I mentioned my opening . You're off 

1089
00:42:03,232 --> 00:42:05,177
to two plus two , uh , meetings in 

1090
00:42:05,177 --> 00:42:07,288
India . There's been some interesting 

1091
00:42:07,288 --> 00:42:10,040
news , Uh , Australia , The 

1092
00:42:10,050 --> 00:42:12,106
announcement today that Australia is 

1093
00:42:12,106 --> 00:42:14,210
going to join naval drills involving 

1094
00:42:14,210 --> 00:42:17,270
India , U . S . And Japan . That's 

1095
00:42:17,280 --> 00:42:20,330
uninterested development . Word is that 

1096
00:42:20,330 --> 00:42:22,274
there'll be a maritime information 

1097
00:42:22,274 --> 00:42:25,520
sharing agreement signed in India , can 

1098
00:42:25,520 --> 00:42:28,440
you tell me ? And also a piece of news 

1099
00:42:28,440 --> 00:42:31,570
that Chinese soldier wandered across 

1100
00:42:31,570 --> 00:42:33,820
the border in India and was taken by 

1101
00:42:33,820 --> 00:42:36,220
the Indians . I don't expect you to 

1102
00:42:36,230 --> 00:42:38,390
comment on that , but there's things 

1103
00:42:38,390 --> 00:42:42,030
going on . Uh , eso give us a little 

1104
00:42:42,030 --> 00:42:44,420
bit of an insight into the significance 

1105
00:42:44,800 --> 00:42:48,090
of the potential maritime agreement and 

1106
00:42:48,090 --> 00:42:50,201
the trip itself in the two plus two . 

1107
00:42:50,201 --> 00:42:52,090
Well , you're correct . Secretary 

1108
00:42:52,090 --> 00:42:54,257
Pompeo and I will be there next week . 

1109
00:42:54,257 --> 00:42:56,423
It's It's our second two plus two with 

1110
00:42:56,423 --> 00:42:58,479
the Indians , the third ever for the 

1111
00:42:58,479 --> 00:42:58,040
United States in India , and It's very 

1112
00:42:58,040 --> 00:43:00,790
important . India will well be the most 

1113
00:43:00,790 --> 00:43:02,957
consequential partner for us . I think 

1114
00:43:02,957 --> 00:43:05,320
in the end of Pacific , for sure in 

1115
00:43:05,320 --> 00:43:08,120
this century . And , uh , look it zits 

1116
00:43:08,120 --> 00:43:10,660
the world's largest democracy . Ah , 

1117
00:43:10,660 --> 00:43:12,750
very capable country , very talented 

1118
00:43:12,750 --> 00:43:15,650
people . And they face off every day 

1119
00:43:15,660 --> 00:43:17,771
Chinese aggression in the Himalayas , 

1120
00:43:17,771 --> 00:43:19,827
Uh , specifically along that line of 

1121
00:43:19,827 --> 00:43:21,771
actual control . So , like so many 

1122
00:43:21,771 --> 00:43:23,827
other countries in that region , and 

1123
00:43:23,827 --> 00:43:23,660
I've I've spoken with him , I've 

1124
00:43:23,660 --> 00:43:26,060
traveled from like I said from Mongolia 

1125
00:43:26,060 --> 00:43:28,282
all the way down south to New Zealand , 

1126
00:43:28,282 --> 00:43:30,640
Australia from a Sfar assed Thailand to 

1127
00:43:30,640 --> 00:43:32,862
Palau in the Pacific Island countries , 

1128
00:43:32,862 --> 00:43:35,140
they all recognize what China is doing . 

1129
00:43:35,140 --> 00:43:37,307
In some cases , it's very overt and in 

1130
00:43:37,307 --> 00:43:39,307
many more cases it's very it's very 

1131
00:43:39,307 --> 00:43:41,196
opaque , what they're doing . But 

1132
00:43:41,196 --> 00:43:43,251
they're putting political pressure , 

1133
00:43:43,251 --> 00:43:45,473
diplomatic pressure and in some cases , 

1134
00:43:45,473 --> 00:43:47,362
like India , military pressure on 

1135
00:43:47,362 --> 00:43:49,584
countries to bend to their way . And we 

1136
00:43:49,584 --> 00:43:49,230
just can't put up with that . We we 

1137
00:43:49,230 --> 00:43:51,440
need Thio . We need all countries to 

1138
00:43:51,700 --> 00:43:53,811
follow this international rules based 

1139
00:43:53,811 --> 00:43:55,811
order to follow the norms that have 

1140
00:43:55,811 --> 00:43:57,922
served us so well . It's not an issue 

1141
00:43:57,922 --> 00:44:00,256
about China's rise . It's how they rise . 

1142
00:44:00,256 --> 00:44:02,422
And that's what we talked about in all 

1143
00:44:02,422 --> 00:44:04,422
these forms last week we had a five 

1144
00:44:04,422 --> 00:44:06,422
eyes form , right , the U . S , New 

1145
00:44:06,422 --> 00:44:10,200
Zealand , UK , Canada and UK . I'm 

1146
00:44:10,210 --> 00:44:12,321
forgetting one , maybe us . Anyways , 

1147
00:44:12,321 --> 00:44:14,543
we had the five eyes form and we talked 

1148
00:44:14,543 --> 00:44:16,377
about the challenges in the Indo 

1149
00:44:16,377 --> 00:44:18,290
Pacific . And how do we How do we 

1150
00:44:18,290 --> 00:44:20,512
cooperate together ? How do we confront 

1151
00:44:20,512 --> 00:44:22,900
these challenges to sovereignty to the 

1152
00:44:22,900 --> 00:44:24,844
international rules based order to 

1153
00:44:24,844 --> 00:44:26,900
freedom of navigation ? So you see a 

1154
00:44:26,900 --> 00:44:29,067
lot more closer collaboration come out 

1155
00:44:29,067 --> 00:44:30,956
and this will be reflected in our 

1156
00:44:30,956 --> 00:44:33,067
meetings next week in New Delhi , New 

1157
00:44:33,067 --> 00:44:35,233
Delhi as well , when we when we travel 

1158
00:44:35,233 --> 00:44:37,122
there . This maritime information 

1159
00:44:37,122 --> 00:44:39,289
sharing agreement is part of that . We 

1160
00:44:39,289 --> 00:44:41,233
have a number of things we've been 

1161
00:44:41,233 --> 00:44:41,130
discussing with the Indians for for 

1162
00:44:41,130 --> 00:44:43,352
some time . We've made good progress on 

1163
00:44:43,352 --> 00:44:45,408
a number of them , but we'll release 

1164
00:44:45,408 --> 00:44:47,074
information on that when it's 

1165
00:44:47,074 --> 00:44:49,241
appropriate . That sounds great . Um , 

1166
00:44:49,241 --> 00:44:51,463
the you spoke quite a bit about I guess 

1167
00:44:51,463 --> 00:44:54,320
what's now being called the quad and 

1168
00:44:54,320 --> 00:44:56,209
the importance of it as sort of a 

1169
00:44:56,209 --> 00:44:59,270
breakthrough for a long time . People 

1170
00:44:59,270 --> 00:45:01,610
who have seen the effectiveness of NATO 

1171
00:45:01,610 --> 00:45:03,700
over the years have despaired that 

1172
00:45:03,700 --> 00:45:05,700
we've never had anything quite like 

1173
00:45:05,700 --> 00:45:07,756
that in the region . Does this start 

1174
00:45:07,756 --> 00:45:10,200
going in that direction on DWhite , do 

1175
00:45:10,200 --> 00:45:12,770
you see is the significance of this 

1176
00:45:12,770 --> 00:45:14,826
coming together Well , the important 

1177
00:45:14,826 --> 00:45:16,992
thing is you get , you know , for very 

1178
00:45:16,992 --> 00:45:19,048
important , very capable democracies 

1179
00:45:19,048 --> 00:45:21,270
the United States , Japan , Australia , 

1180
00:45:21,270 --> 00:45:23,214
India , talking and discussing the 

1181
00:45:23,214 --> 00:45:25,381
challenges they face in the region and 

1182
00:45:25,381 --> 00:45:27,492
these air mutual challenges . We have 

1183
00:45:27,492 --> 00:45:29,714
common concerns . We have shared values 

1184
00:45:29,714 --> 00:45:32,230
that we , uh , that are being aggressed 

1185
00:45:32,230 --> 00:45:34,700
against . So I think it's a very good 

1186
00:45:34,700 --> 00:45:36,811
development that we're doing this and 

1187
00:45:36,811 --> 00:45:38,978
that we would be exercising together . 

1188
00:45:38,978 --> 00:45:41,200
It's it's all of trajectory that we are 

1189
00:45:41,200 --> 00:45:43,422
or a journey , if you will , that we're 

1190
00:45:43,422 --> 00:45:45,478
moving upon . But I think we need to 

1191
00:45:45,478 --> 00:45:47,700
continue to build those ties again . It 

1192
00:45:47,700 --> 00:45:49,811
is about protecting our values . It's 

1193
00:45:49,811 --> 00:45:51,589
about building partnerships and 

1194
00:45:51,589 --> 00:45:51,100
strengthening allies . That's why I 

1195
00:45:51,100 --> 00:45:53,100
spent so much time on the road this 

1196
00:45:53,100 --> 00:45:56,220
past 15 16 months on the road , on the 

1197
00:45:56,220 --> 00:45:58,331
phone , in meetings , trying to build 

1198
00:45:58,331 --> 00:46:00,553
these alliances , these partnerships so 

1199
00:46:00,553 --> 00:46:02,720
that we can weaken again , defend what 

1200
00:46:02,720 --> 00:46:04,942
has served us so well for decades Now . 

1201
00:46:06,080 --> 00:46:08,247
I love the reference in your speech to 

1202
00:46:08,247 --> 00:46:12,100
Malta . Uh , and I wonder how the U . S 

1203
00:46:12,100 --> 00:46:15,250
can work better with smaller countries 

1204
00:46:15,510 --> 00:46:18,120
in the end of Pacific , perhaps Papua 

1205
00:46:18,120 --> 00:46:21,230
New Guinea , Timor Leste , uh , to 

1206
00:46:21,240 --> 00:46:23,407
generate disproportionately beneficial 

1207
00:46:23,407 --> 00:46:25,462
effects , which I think was what you 

1208
00:46:25,462 --> 00:46:27,573
were speaking about regarding Malta . 

1209
00:46:27,573 --> 00:46:29,407
Yeah , these countries air . All 

1210
00:46:29,407 --> 00:46:31,518
important , they're all strategically 

1211
00:46:31,518 --> 00:46:33,629
located . We have activities going on 

1212
00:46:33,629 --> 00:46:35,851
with our friends and team or less , and 

1213
00:46:35,851 --> 00:46:38,018
Papa New Guinea , for example . I hope 

1214
00:46:38,018 --> 00:46:40,018
to get there sometime in the coming 

1215
00:46:40,018 --> 00:46:41,962
year . And I mentioned my trip toe 

1216
00:46:41,962 --> 00:46:44,018
Palau First secretary defense ever . 

1217
00:46:44,018 --> 00:46:46,018
But we've had a continuous military 

1218
00:46:46,018 --> 00:46:48,240
presence there since 1969 . Most people 

1219
00:46:48,240 --> 00:46:50,240
wouldn't know that . And when I was 

1220
00:46:50,240 --> 00:46:52,462
there , we we talked . We looked at our 

1221
00:46:52,462 --> 00:46:52,110
civic action teams . Who are They're 

1222
00:46:52,110 --> 00:46:54,110
doing a combination of work for the 

1223
00:46:54,110 --> 00:46:57,080
community and work for for us . And in 

1224
00:46:57,080 --> 00:46:59,136
fact , we also had the CBS there who 

1225
00:46:59,136 --> 00:47:01,970
were scraping out an airfield on the 

1226
00:47:01,970 --> 00:47:03,914
island . It was an airfield used , 

1227
00:47:03,914 --> 00:47:06,810
ironically , in World War Two to fight 

1228
00:47:06,820 --> 00:47:09,100
against the Imperial Japan , but they 

1229
00:47:09,100 --> 00:47:11,322
were carving it out , cleaning it up so 

1230
00:47:11,322 --> 00:47:13,433
that the Army could land and bringing 

1231
00:47:13,433 --> 00:47:15,489
troops as part of an exercise called 

1232
00:47:15,489 --> 00:47:17,656
Defender Pacific . And , uh and also I 

1233
00:47:17,656 --> 00:47:19,878
was there I had a chance to thio to see 

1234
00:47:19,878 --> 00:47:21,544
some Marines were there on an 

1235
00:47:21,544 --> 00:47:23,656
expeditionary fast transport ships so 

1236
00:47:23,656 --> 00:47:25,878
you could see a big military presence . 

1237
00:47:25,878 --> 00:47:27,933
Uh , they're great people , and they 

1238
00:47:27,933 --> 00:47:29,933
really like our presence . And it's 

1239
00:47:29,933 --> 00:47:31,920
it's important again to help those 

1240
00:47:31,920 --> 00:47:34,650
countries out and to also make sure 

1241
00:47:34,650 --> 00:47:36,706
that they know we're there to defend 

1242
00:47:36,706 --> 00:47:38,817
them . A swell a Z . We look ahead to 

1243
00:47:38,817 --> 00:47:40,983
the future . Um , thank you for that , 

1244
00:47:40,983 --> 00:47:43,261
Mr Secretary . So let's move to Europe , 

1245
00:47:43,261 --> 00:47:45,317
but to a certain extent , staying in 

1246
00:47:45,317 --> 00:47:47,372
the Indo Pacific or wherever else in 

1247
00:47:47,372 --> 00:47:49,483
the world . Uh , Secretary General of 

1248
00:47:49,483 --> 00:47:51,650
NATO Stoltenberg spoke at the Atlantic 

1249
00:47:51,650 --> 00:47:53,940
Council not too long ago about his 

1250
00:47:53,940 --> 00:47:57,100
reflection of NATO 2030 looking at , um , 

1251
00:47:57,100 --> 00:47:59,322
or political in , um , or global NATO . 

1252
00:47:59,570 --> 00:48:02,820
What opportunities do you perceive in 

1253
00:48:02,820 --> 00:48:05,980
that ? I think partly he's saying a lot 

1254
00:48:05,980 --> 00:48:08,091
of these challenges are not purely in 

1255
00:48:08,091 --> 00:48:10,036
fact on . A few of them are purely 

1256
00:48:10,036 --> 00:48:13,780
military in nature . Uh , is there an 

1257
00:48:13,780 --> 00:48:17,000
opportunity for more NATO allies to be 

1258
00:48:17,000 --> 00:48:19,890
involved in US strategy to counter 

1259
00:48:19,900 --> 00:48:22,840
China and Russia in the Indo Pacific ? 

1260
00:48:22,960 --> 00:48:25,238
Yes , absolutely . Look , first of all , 

1261
00:48:25,238 --> 00:48:27,071
Jens Stoltenberg is a great NATO 

1262
00:48:27,071 --> 00:48:29,016
Secretary General I spoke with him 

1263
00:48:29,016 --> 00:48:31,016
yesterday for quite some time as we 

1264
00:48:31,016 --> 00:48:32,793
prepare for this week's defense 

1265
00:48:32,793 --> 00:48:35,016
minister of meeting . He's done a great 

1266
00:48:35,016 --> 00:48:36,849
job because he has looked at the 

1267
00:48:36,849 --> 00:48:38,904
alliance not just through a military 

1268
00:48:38,904 --> 00:48:38,390
lens but through the broader political 

1269
00:48:38,390 --> 00:48:40,790
lens . And he's really let us to 

1270
00:48:40,790 --> 00:48:43,020
thinking more broadly about the threats 

1271
00:48:43,030 --> 00:48:45,350
of China . So , for example , we've had 

1272
00:48:45,350 --> 00:48:47,710
numerous discussions over the past 15 

1273
00:48:47,710 --> 00:48:50,670
16 months about how do we keep the PRC 

1274
00:48:50,670 --> 00:48:53,140
specifically Huawei out of our networks ? 

1275
00:48:53,140 --> 00:48:55,084
Now , why is that important ? Um , 

1276
00:48:55,370 --> 00:48:57,980
because they're selling a product out 

1277
00:48:57,980 --> 00:49:00,100
there . They're trying to grab market 

1278
00:49:00,100 --> 00:49:02,156
share , and what it threatens is the 

1279
00:49:02,156 --> 00:49:04,160
alliance by jeopardizing our 

1280
00:49:04,170 --> 00:49:06,337
telecommunications links , our ability 

1281
00:49:06,337 --> 00:49:08,448
to share information , our ability to 

1282
00:49:08,448 --> 00:49:10,503
coordinate war plans . So we've been 

1283
00:49:10,503 --> 00:49:12,614
really successful in terms of looking 

1284
00:49:12,614 --> 00:49:14,837
at China holistically and bringing many 

1285
00:49:14,837 --> 00:49:17,490
countries on board to reject this type 

1286
00:49:17,490 --> 00:49:20,120
of offer by Huawei . You saw the UK 

1287
00:49:20,120 --> 00:49:22,480
come aboard . Um , just a few months 

1288
00:49:22,480 --> 00:49:24,536
ago . Other countries have as well . 

1289
00:49:24,536 --> 00:49:26,536
China is working its way throughout 

1290
00:49:26,536 --> 00:49:28,758
Europe is well , and , uh and so people 

1291
00:49:28,758 --> 00:49:30,813
are becoming much more aware of that 

1292
00:49:30,813 --> 00:49:33,036
presence . And of course , Russia has a 

1293
00:49:33,036 --> 00:49:35,202
has a presence in his Amy to expand it 

1294
00:49:35,202 --> 00:49:37,424
in the Pacific , too . And then there's 

1295
00:49:37,424 --> 00:49:39,647
the common ground of the Arctic , right 

1296
00:49:39,647 --> 00:49:41,813
where we see Arctic countries like the 

1297
00:49:41,813 --> 00:49:43,924
United States and Canada and others . 

1298
00:49:43,924 --> 00:49:46,147
And we actually have Russia and China . 

1299
00:49:46,147 --> 00:49:48,202
China there as well . So a number of 

1300
00:49:48,202 --> 00:49:50,091
areas where countries need to get 

1301
00:49:50,091 --> 00:49:49,200
together and make sure we have a 

1302
00:49:49,200 --> 00:49:51,422
coordinated strategy to deal with these 

1303
00:49:51,422 --> 00:49:55,300
challenges . Um , a lot on the plate . 

1304
00:49:55,670 --> 00:49:59,250
Uh , um , Two related 

1305
00:49:59,250 --> 00:50:03,090
questions on Europe . Um , you 

1306
00:50:03,090 --> 00:50:05,320
know , how is the enhanced defense 

1307
00:50:05,320 --> 00:50:07,653
cooperation agreement with Poland going ? 

1308
00:50:07,653 --> 00:50:09,630
How is it strengthened things ? Is 

1309
00:50:09,630 --> 00:50:12,660
there a model there for other NATO 

1310
00:50:12,660 --> 00:50:16,550
countries ? And then I'll , uh , pivot 

1311
00:50:16,550 --> 00:50:20,050
from that , uh , to basically force 

1312
00:50:20,050 --> 00:50:22,700
posture reductions in Europe elsewhere . 

1313
00:50:23,060 --> 00:50:26,990
And how do you , you security 

1314
00:50:26,990 --> 00:50:29,046
cooperation interoperability to deal 

1315
00:50:29,046 --> 00:50:31,560
with this ? Are there opportunities for 

1316
00:50:31,560 --> 00:50:33,810
NATO allies to fill in these gaps ? How 

1317
00:50:33,810 --> 00:50:35,866
are you handling that ? So what does 

1318
00:50:35,866 --> 00:50:38,300
Poland bring us ? And then is there any 

1319
00:50:38,300 --> 00:50:40,770
danger ? Enforce power reductions ? And 

1320
00:50:40,780 --> 00:50:42,891
what are the plans ? Toe compensate . 

1321
00:50:42,891 --> 00:50:45,002
You're gonna answer your questions in 

1322
00:50:45,002 --> 00:50:47,430
reverse order . So ? So we're looking 

1323
00:50:47,430 --> 00:50:49,652
at reductions in Germany , not Europe , 

1324
00:50:49,652 --> 00:50:51,874
and that we're looking to reposition in 

1325
00:50:51,874 --> 00:50:54,030
Europe . Why is that because again we 

1326
00:50:54,030 --> 00:50:56,960
know the challenges faced by our allies . 

1327
00:50:56,970 --> 00:51:00,280
Uh , these of these Russia , it's it's 

1328
00:51:00,280 --> 00:51:02,280
common sense . You don't need to be 

1329
00:51:02,280 --> 00:51:04,336
Napoleon or MacArthur to look at the 

1330
00:51:04,336 --> 00:51:06,447
map and realize that the further east 

1331
00:51:06,447 --> 00:51:08,613
you are , the more reassurance you can 

1332
00:51:08,613 --> 00:51:10,724
provide for those allies and partners 

1333
00:51:10,724 --> 00:51:12,780
on the front lines . Whether it's in 

1334
00:51:12,780 --> 00:51:15,058
the Northeast , it's the Baltic states , 

1335
00:51:15,058 --> 00:51:17,280
Poland , just due east of Germany or in 

1336
00:51:17,280 --> 00:51:19,224
Bulgarian Romanian , the southeast 

1337
00:51:19,224 --> 00:51:21,224
along the Black Sea . So we need to 

1338
00:51:21,224 --> 00:51:23,224
move a little bit further east . It 

1339
00:51:23,224 --> 00:51:25,002
helps us with the time distance 

1340
00:51:25,002 --> 00:51:26,947
challenges , if you will , in case 

1341
00:51:26,947 --> 00:51:29,169
there is some type of really aggressive 

1342
00:51:29,169 --> 00:51:31,080
action by the Russians . Eso that 

1343
00:51:31,080 --> 00:51:33,247
repositioning is strategic . It allows 

1344
00:51:33,247 --> 00:51:35,358
us to do this five imperatives that I 

1345
00:51:35,358 --> 00:51:37,358
mentioned about reassuring allies , 

1346
00:51:37,358 --> 00:51:39,691
deterring Russia and strengthening NATO . 

1347
00:51:39,691 --> 00:51:41,802
And there were two others , too . The 

1348
00:51:41,802 --> 00:51:43,913
Poland deal . Why is that important ? 

1349
00:51:43,913 --> 00:51:45,747
The enhanced defense cooperation 

1350
00:51:45,747 --> 00:51:47,580
agreement ? Because the previous 

1351
00:51:47,580 --> 00:51:49,358
agreement was both outdated and 

1352
00:51:49,358 --> 00:51:51,136
insufficient and didn't address 

1353
00:51:51,136 --> 00:51:53,358
budgetary matters . So now we have this 

1354
00:51:53,358 --> 00:51:55,247
new agreement and it's opening up 

1355
00:51:55,247 --> 00:51:57,302
possibilities . So I mentioned in my 

1356
00:51:57,302 --> 00:51:58,969
remarks there is now the rial 

1357
00:51:58,969 --> 00:52:00,913
opportunity to look at putting the 

1358
00:52:00,913 --> 00:52:03,191
second Cavalry Regiment or parts of it , 

1359
00:52:03,191 --> 00:52:05,191
at least in Poland , further east , 

1360
00:52:05,191 --> 00:52:07,302
which is what they want . We think it 

1361
00:52:07,302 --> 00:52:09,080
makes sense . I think many NATO 

1362
00:52:09,080 --> 00:52:11,247
countries thinks that think that would 

1363
00:52:11,247 --> 00:52:13,358
make sense as well . But that is open 

1364
00:52:13,358 --> 00:52:13,310
it up . In addition to the fact that 

1365
00:52:13,310 --> 00:52:15,477
we're moving Ah 1000 additional troops 

1366
00:52:15,477 --> 00:52:17,532
into Poland . We've talked about the 

1367
00:52:17,532 --> 00:52:19,780
fifth Corps headquarters , a foreign 

1368
00:52:19,790 --> 00:52:21,734
element being stationed there . So 

1369
00:52:21,734 --> 00:52:23,846
that's just Poland . But we also need 

1370
00:52:23,846 --> 00:52:25,901
to look at the Baltics and the Black 

1371
00:52:25,901 --> 00:52:27,846
Sea region to make sure that we're 

1372
00:52:27,846 --> 00:52:29,901
meeting those five imperatives along 

1373
00:52:29,901 --> 00:52:31,846
the front lines of the frontline . 

1374
00:52:31,846 --> 00:52:34,068
Trace , if you will , of where we sit . 

1375
00:52:34,068 --> 00:52:36,179
These of these Russia . Thank you for 

1376
00:52:36,179 --> 00:52:39,080
that , Mr Secretary . Um , let's 

1377
00:52:39,080 --> 00:52:42,620
move to Centcom . Let's move to the 

1378
00:52:42,620 --> 00:52:46,070
Middle East . Um , the U and Bahrain 

1379
00:52:46,070 --> 00:52:48,181
normalized relations with Israel . As 

1380
00:52:48,181 --> 00:52:51,670
you said , a groundbreaking agreement 

1381
00:52:52,450 --> 00:52:55,170
at the White House . How does this 

1382
00:52:55,170 --> 00:52:57,392
development impact security cooperation 

1383
00:52:57,392 --> 00:52:59,970
with allies ? Uh , you know , General 

1384
00:52:59,970 --> 00:53:01,970
Jones at the Atlantic Council for a 

1385
00:53:01,970 --> 00:53:04,610
long time has been calling for 

1386
00:53:04,620 --> 00:53:07,950
something like a Mideast NATO not to 

1387
00:53:07,950 --> 00:53:10,830
pattern entirely on NATO , but groups 

1388
00:53:10,830 --> 00:53:12,830
of group of countries in the region 

1389
00:53:12,830 --> 00:53:15,600
coming together in common security 

1390
00:53:15,870 --> 00:53:18,280
framework . Visa vee , 

1391
00:53:19,410 --> 00:53:21,410
Iran Could this be the beginning of 

1392
00:53:21,410 --> 00:53:23,577
something like that ? You know , it is 

1393
00:53:23,577 --> 00:53:25,632
a great success by the president and 

1394
00:53:25,632 --> 00:53:27,799
his team in the White House . They had 

1395
00:53:27,799 --> 00:53:30,370
just done a great job on this and we'll 

1396
00:53:30,370 --> 00:53:32,648
see if more countries follow us . Well , 

1397
00:53:32,648 --> 00:53:34,592
we're all hopeful and everybody is 

1398
00:53:34,592 --> 00:53:36,814
trying to roll in that same direction . 

1399
00:53:36,814 --> 00:53:38,814
I think what's important about it , 

1400
00:53:38,814 --> 00:53:40,814
It's not just it's a combination of 

1401
00:53:40,814 --> 00:53:40,560
things , it's the diplomatic 

1402
00:53:40,560 --> 00:53:42,560
opportunities . It presents its the 

1403
00:53:42,560 --> 00:53:44,671
security and it's the economic to see 

1404
00:53:44,671 --> 00:53:46,838
these Arab states normalized relations 

1405
00:53:46,838 --> 00:53:49,060
with Israel . They do see that there is 

1406
00:53:49,060 --> 00:53:51,227
great potential for economic growth if 

1407
00:53:51,227 --> 00:53:53,393
if if there is normalization . But the 

1408
00:53:53,393 --> 00:53:55,616
second thing is we've reached the point 

1409
00:53:55,616 --> 00:53:57,727
where so many of the countries in the 

1410
00:53:57,727 --> 00:53:59,616
region recognize that the biggest 

1411
00:53:59,616 --> 00:54:01,671
concern they have we have to is Iran 

1412
00:54:01,671 --> 00:54:03,893
and it's the line behavior through that 

1413
00:54:03,893 --> 00:54:05,727
region now for what four decades 

1414
00:54:05,727 --> 00:54:07,893
actually spans all the way from Africa 

1415
00:54:07,893 --> 00:54:09,560
across the Middle East , into 

1416
00:54:09,560 --> 00:54:11,504
Afghanistan . So we see the common 

1417
00:54:11,504 --> 00:54:13,449
threat of Iran and how do we stand 

1418
00:54:13,449 --> 00:54:16,090
together against that ? The vision 

1419
00:54:16,090 --> 00:54:18,312
would be toe have some type of security 

1420
00:54:18,312 --> 00:54:20,510
construct out there where countries on 

1421
00:54:20,510 --> 00:54:22,621
the peninsula , Israel and others are 

1422
00:54:22,621 --> 00:54:25,660
working together to deter conflict with 

1423
00:54:26,040 --> 00:54:27,984
Iran . And again , if that fails , 

1424
00:54:27,984 --> 00:54:30,207
they're prepared to work together to do 

1425
00:54:30,207 --> 00:54:32,373
that . We orchestrate much of that now 

1426
00:54:32,373 --> 00:54:34,596
through Centcom , if you will . But all 

1427
00:54:34,596 --> 00:54:36,818
those countries have have an interest . 

1428
00:54:36,818 --> 00:54:38,762
Certainly have concerns freedom of 

1429
00:54:38,762 --> 00:54:38,530
navigation through the Persian Gulf , 

1430
00:54:38,530 --> 00:54:40,586
freedom of commerce , threats to the 

1431
00:54:40,586 --> 00:54:42,808
sovereignty of the countries . I mean , 

1432
00:54:42,808 --> 00:54:44,752
we saw Iran launch attacks against 

1433
00:54:44,752 --> 00:54:46,863
Saudi Arabia last year . On their oil 

1434
00:54:46,863 --> 00:54:49,030
infrastructure , we see Iran playing a 

1435
00:54:49,030 --> 00:54:51,197
heavy hand in Iraq again . Iran is all 

1436
00:54:51,197 --> 00:54:53,363
over the region . So I think folks are 

1437
00:54:53,363 --> 00:54:55,790
countries air recognizing that reality , 

1438
00:54:55,790 --> 00:54:57,901
and they're seeing the other possible 

1439
00:54:57,901 --> 00:55:00,660
benefits as well of normalization . Um , 

1440
00:55:01,740 --> 00:55:05,690
as you look at this and I see we're 

1441
00:55:05,700 --> 00:55:08,370
near near out of time . So let me move 

1442
00:55:08,370 --> 00:55:10,481
on to from the Middle East to another 

1443
00:55:10,481 --> 00:55:12,910
question on that takes us back to the 

1444
00:55:12,910 --> 00:55:14,743
beginning , which is great power 

1445
00:55:14,743 --> 00:55:17,700
competition . Um , reading history . 

1446
00:55:17,700 --> 00:55:19,922
And this also comes from someone in the 

1447
00:55:19,922 --> 00:55:22,890
audience . Uh , the period of great 

1448
00:55:22,890 --> 00:55:25,320
power competition after World War One 

1449
00:55:25,320 --> 00:55:28,990
didn't end up so well . Uh , 

1450
00:55:29,000 --> 00:55:31,111
after World War two ended up better . 

1451
00:55:31,111 --> 00:55:34,870
But between 45 the Cuban missile crisis 

1452
00:55:34,870 --> 00:55:37,590
in 62 you have the Cuban missile crisis 

1453
00:55:37,590 --> 00:55:40,450
itself . Uh , near brush with nuclear 

1454
00:55:40,460 --> 00:55:43,920
conflict . You had the Berlin airlift 

1455
00:55:43,930 --> 00:55:46,070
which could have landed if we hadn't 

1456
00:55:46,070 --> 00:55:48,300
done it . Berlin into Soviet hands . 

1457
00:55:48,840 --> 00:55:51,290
How perilous is this current period 

1458
00:55:51,290 --> 00:55:53,550
where we're starting a new era ? And 

1459
00:55:53,550 --> 00:55:55,717
what are the dangers of miscalculation 

1460
00:55:55,717 --> 00:55:58,070
or our communication systems in the 

1461
00:55:58,070 --> 00:56:00,620
right frame with China and Russia to 

1462
00:56:00,620 --> 00:56:02,970
steer ourselves around that it is very , 

1463
00:56:02,980 --> 00:56:05,202
very . It is very tricky , particularly 

1464
00:56:05,202 --> 00:56:07,369
in an era of co vid to you have on top 

1465
00:56:07,369 --> 00:56:09,424
of that , and so we have to navigate 

1466
00:56:09,424 --> 00:56:11,647
very carefully . We have to collaborate 

1467
00:56:11,647 --> 00:56:13,813
closely with our allies and partners , 

1468
00:56:13,813 --> 00:56:13,100
and we have to send all the right 

1469
00:56:13,100 --> 00:56:15,322
messages , and we have to keep lines of 

1470
00:56:15,322 --> 00:56:17,322
communication open with Beijing and 

1471
00:56:17,322 --> 00:56:19,544
with Moscow and make sure that there is 

1472
00:56:19,544 --> 00:56:21,767
no miscalculation or misunderstanding . 

1473
00:56:21,767 --> 00:56:24,100
But nobody wants to be in this position . 

1474
00:56:24,100 --> 00:56:26,267
You know , we put a lot of work at the 

1475
00:56:26,267 --> 00:56:28,322
end of the Cold War into helping the 

1476
00:56:28,322 --> 00:56:31,490
post Soviet Russia stand up . And then 

1477
00:56:31,500 --> 00:56:33,520
Putin came aboard and took him in a 

1478
00:56:33,520 --> 00:56:35,298
different direction . We hadn't 

1479
00:56:35,298 --> 00:56:37,353
expected , and then at the same time 

1480
00:56:37,353 --> 00:56:39,580
you had China . Andi , I have watched 

1481
00:56:39,580 --> 00:56:41,524
China's rise over the decades . We 

1482
00:56:41,524 --> 00:56:43,691
thought if we if we worked , open them 

1483
00:56:43,691 --> 00:56:45,302
up , if we let let them into 

1484
00:56:45,302 --> 00:56:47,191
institutions like the World Trade 

1485
00:56:47,191 --> 00:56:49,191
Organization , uh , they would they 

1486
00:56:49,191 --> 00:56:51,080
would liberalize economically and 

1487
00:56:51,080 --> 00:56:53,024
economic liberals . Liberalization 

1488
00:56:53,024 --> 00:56:52,270
would bring about political 

1489
00:56:52,280 --> 00:56:54,660
liberalization . That hasn't happened , 

1490
00:56:54,670 --> 00:56:56,950
and that's very unfortunate . So we're 

1491
00:56:56,950 --> 00:56:59,172
not looking to get into a conflict with 

1492
00:56:59,172 --> 00:57:01,283
either of these countries . We're not 

1493
00:57:01,283 --> 00:57:03,506
looking to contain China . What we want 

1494
00:57:03,506 --> 00:57:05,506
to see is a peaceful rise , but one 

1495
00:57:05,506 --> 00:57:07,506
within the within the international 

1496
00:57:07,506 --> 00:57:09,617
rules , the international order , the 

1497
00:57:09,617 --> 00:57:11,672
norms that have benefited us all for 

1498
00:57:11,672 --> 00:57:13,783
again for decades , for generations . 

1499
00:57:13,783 --> 00:57:15,783
And right now we see both countries 

1500
00:57:15,783 --> 00:57:17,950
violating them on a continuous basis . 

1501
00:57:17,950 --> 00:57:20,117
And that's just we got to stand up and 

1502
00:57:20,117 --> 00:57:22,339
we got to defend this system . We gotta 

1503
00:57:22,339 --> 00:57:24,506
work with them and , uh , and continue 

1504
00:57:24,506 --> 00:57:26,506
to engage , find areas where we can 

1505
00:57:26,506 --> 00:57:28,617
cooperate . But where we can't we got 

1506
00:57:28,617 --> 00:57:28,520
to compete and , if necessary , 

1507
00:57:28,530 --> 00:57:31,270
confront . And so that's just the world 

1508
00:57:31,270 --> 00:57:33,492
we live in . And , uh , and we just got 

1509
00:57:33,492 --> 00:57:35,659
to be prepared for the worst and being 

1510
00:57:35,659 --> 00:57:37,603
prepared for the worst again means 

1511
00:57:37,603 --> 00:57:39,603
strengthening our allies , building 

1512
00:57:39,603 --> 00:57:42,310
partners , enhancing our capacity , our 

1513
00:57:42,310 --> 00:57:44,310
capabilities everybody investing in 

1514
00:57:44,310 --> 00:57:46,310
that collective security . If we're 

1515
00:57:46,310 --> 00:57:48,477
going Thio thrive here in the next few 

1516
00:57:48,477 --> 00:57:52,270
decades . So I'm gonna end with my 

1517
00:57:52,280 --> 00:57:54,730
favorite question toe . Ask people like 

1518
00:57:54,730 --> 00:57:58,030
you . Um , uh , not just the favorite 

1519
00:57:58,030 --> 00:58:00,510
to listen to the answer to , but it's 

1520
00:58:00,510 --> 00:58:03,000
essentially what keeps you up late in 

1521
00:58:03,000 --> 00:58:04,889
the evening . You your remarkable 

1522
00:58:04,889 --> 00:58:07,000
speech had a lot of things that would 

1523
00:58:07,000 --> 00:58:09,278
keep me up late in the evening and use . 

1524
00:58:09,278 --> 00:58:11,290
And there are remarkable number of 

1525
00:58:11,290 --> 00:58:14,740
challenges going along . But But what 

1526
00:58:14,740 --> 00:58:16,796
is the what is the one that concerns 

1527
00:58:16,796 --> 00:58:19,210
you the most of all of those ? You know , 

1528
00:58:19,210 --> 00:58:21,266
I will disappoint you because I will 

1529
00:58:21,266 --> 00:58:23,154
say this much . I sleep soundly , 

1530
00:58:23,154 --> 00:58:25,377
knowing that were protected by the best 

1531
00:58:25,377 --> 00:58:27,710
military in the world . And why is that ? 

1532
00:58:27,710 --> 00:58:29,932
Because every day , young men and women 

1533
00:58:29,932 --> 00:58:32,330
across this country are standing in 

1534
00:58:32,330 --> 00:58:34,330
front of a flag , raising the right 

1535
00:58:34,330 --> 00:58:36,386
hand and swearing an oath to support 

1536
00:58:36,386 --> 00:58:38,552
and defend the Constitution with their 

1537
00:58:38,552 --> 00:58:40,608
lives if necessary . And so I've had 

1538
00:58:40,608 --> 00:58:42,830
the chance to participate in any number 

1539
00:58:42,830 --> 00:58:45,052
those swearing in ceremonies . And when 

1540
00:58:45,052 --> 00:58:47,274
you see that it really it really , uh , 

1541
00:58:47,274 --> 00:58:46,620
stirs your heart , knowing that a lot 

1542
00:58:46,620 --> 00:58:48,453
of young Americans out there are 

1543
00:58:48,453 --> 00:58:50,564
willing to do that and then serve for 

1544
00:58:50,564 --> 00:58:52,787
years upon years to keep the rest of us 

1545
00:58:52,787 --> 00:58:54,953
safe and to keep this world free . And 

1546
00:58:54,953 --> 00:58:57,260
so again , I sleep well knowing we have 

1547
00:58:57,260 --> 00:58:59,670
young men and women doing that on . We 

1548
00:58:59,670 --> 00:59:02,340
have our great d o d civilians . We 

1549
00:59:02,340 --> 00:59:05,580
have our our folks in the in the State 

1550
00:59:05,580 --> 00:59:07,913
Department , the intelligence community , 

1551
00:59:07,913 --> 00:59:09,858
everybody pulling together to keep 

1552
00:59:09,858 --> 00:59:12,080
America safe . So , uh , I sleep well , 

1553
00:59:12,620 --> 00:59:14,842
Well , I actually pretty well , because 

1554
00:59:14,842 --> 00:59:16,620
we have people from all of your 

1555
00:59:16,620 --> 00:59:18,564
services , a senior fellows at the 

1556
00:59:18,564 --> 00:59:20,676
Atlantic Council , that so that makes 

1557
00:59:20,676 --> 00:59:22,850
us that makes us also a stronger 

1558
00:59:22,850 --> 00:59:25,120
organization . We really appreciate the 

1559
00:59:25,130 --> 00:59:27,460
time you've taken , Mr Secretary above 

1560
00:59:27,460 --> 00:59:29,404
all that we really appreciate your 

1561
00:59:29,404 --> 00:59:31,820
public service And , uh , and this , uh , 

1562
00:59:31,830 --> 00:59:34,250
statement and speech about allies and 

1563
00:59:34,250 --> 00:59:36,417
steps being taken for allies . I think 

1564
00:59:36,417 --> 00:59:38,830
it really is something that will keep 

1565
00:59:38,830 --> 00:59:42,050
America strong , keep the values and 

1566
00:59:42,420 --> 00:59:44,253
and principles that the Atlantic 

1567
00:59:44,253 --> 00:59:46,476
Council has always stood for . Strong . 

1568
00:59:46,476 --> 00:59:48,420
So thank you so much , Mr Secord . 

1569
00:59:48,420 --> 00:59:47,930
Thank you , Fred . Great to be here . 

1570
00:59:47,940 --> 00:59:48,540
Thank you .